Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-218
השירה החילונית לשמואל הנגיד בספרד Hebrew religious poetry to Shmuel Hnagad In Spain
...Show More Authors

תקציר

השירה החילונית  זו מיזגה בין התרבות היהודית והתרבות הערבית השלטת. התרבות הערבית השלטת  השפיעה על היהודים בשירה, בספרי פילוסופייה ועיון, בהגות דתית, ביצירה של פרשנות המקרא, במחקר בדקדוק עברי, ברפואה ועוד. ספרי המדע המחקר והעיון נכתבו כולם בערבית. זו היתה שפת הדיבור בקהילות היהודיות. אבל השירה שהתפתחה, שירה אשר קבלה את יסודותיה מן השירה הערבית, שהגיעה לשיא בתקופה זאת – נכתבה כולה בעברית. השירה העברית הושפעה מאחותה הערבית בצורות השיריות, במשקלים, בסוגים – אבל נכתבה בשפה העברית בלבד. מטרת המשוררים העבריים בספרד הייתה להאדיר את השפה העברית לאור מופת המקרא. אם המשוררים המוסלמים כתבו בערבית כדי להאדיר את שפת הקוראן, ולאותה מטרה גם כתבו מחקרים על השפה והדקדוק הערביים – הרי היהודים הושפעו ממגמה זו על מנת להאדיר את שפת המקרא, שפת הקודש. עד לתקופה זאת לא שימשה שפת המקרא מקור לשוני ישיר ליצירה ספרותית. הפיוט הקודם לתקופה זאת היה קרוב בלשונו ללשון חז"ל, לשון התלמוד והמשנה. משוררי ספרד החיו את לשון המקרא. מילים מקראיות קבלו בשירתם פירוש חדש. זו הייתה תחייתה של לשון שלא דברו בה – לשם יצירה חדשה, ענפה ועשירה. שמואל הנגיד היה המשורר היהודי הראשון שעיצב את השירה החילונית  בספרד, על סוגיה השונים -  שירי יין, שירי ידידות, שירי שבח, שירי אהבה ועוד. שלא כמו משוררים אחרים - כתב הנגיד את שיריו לא למטרות פרנסה, כמשורר חצר, אלא כביטוי לחוויותיו ולרגשותיו:

ABSTRACT      

     The beginnings of Hebrew poetry religious in Andalusia was in the tenth century the rule days of King Abdul-Rahman III  (912-961), where the Jewish groups in Andalusia in those days was Thoudy of confidence by the Muslim authorities were also Thoudy autonomy in religious and cultural side, and this in turn led to the development of the Jewish literary output in all areas where Jewish philosophy evolved and renewed Hebrew poetry mundane .

The abundance of production in this kind of literature occurred under the influence of Arab culture and the first who wrote in this kind of poetry is poet (Donac bin Brat) where the transfer of poetry Hebrew formal components of Arabic poetry, including weight and rhyme.

Furthermore, the influence of Arabic literature appeared in Spain a new type of Hebrew poetry, but it is the standings, which is a rhymed prose Among the most prominent of the books in this kind of poetry is Judea Harizi.

     The most prominent of the books in this type of hair four poets are Shmuel Hnakid,  Solomon Ibn Jpiroll,  Moses Ibn Ezra, and Judah Halevi .

The Hebrew poetry earthly evolution and that the impact of Arabic poetry in form and substance where takes from the Arabic poetry threads  and curricula where established relationship and close contact unanimous and culturally between Jews and Muslims, and this Intellectuals Jews know  on Arab poetry and who was very open-minded and distinct linguistic style and image substantially so where love Jews poets this type of poetry and been affected by it and taken Arabic poetry features to poetry worldly Hebrew as Hebrew poetry adopted the weight and the Arab poetic rhythm, any quantitative weight Arabic poetry, and they have to divide each row or line of poetry specific number of a  sections.

The Arabic poetry impact on religious Hebrew poetry came through expression also in the content of the poetry and theme though this effect was always within the limits of tradition and conformity for the poets of the Jews, we find there poems telling the story of the friendship and companionship and there poetry the wine as well as find love poetry, which describes the pain loving and yearning and longing to those who love and there are other topics in the poetry worldly poems including the engagement and marriage and lamentation poems .

     In addition to all of these types and threads of poetry , which are all within the poetry worldly box there was also special types of poetry to others poets have been active within the circumstances of their lives and, for example, War poetry to Shmuel Hnakid who was defense minister in the Kingdom of Granada, and also  poetry of Zion Yehuda Halevy , as well as personal poems  to  Solomon said Jpiroll and who devoted his poetry in the mundane description of the dispute and the conflict with the people of his hometown and the isolation and misery and suffering.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Liquidity Indicators to Assess its Risks and Enhance Capital Adequacy in Banking Activity
...Show More Authors

This purpose of the research is to test liquidity ratios to assess bank liquidity risks represented by liquidity ratios (current assets / current liabilities, current assets / total deposits, current assets / total assets, cash credit / total deposits, liquidity coverage ratio LCR, net stable financing ratio NSFR). This research involves evaluating these risks in banks via these ratios, and reveal the most important means used to solve these risks, including the capital adequacy ratio under the Basel II decisions and for selected period (2017-2019).The research reached the most important conclusion, which is the bank sample did not fall into bank liquidity risks throughout the years of research. Tracking specific ratio with adequ

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Learning Cleverness of Physics Teachers in Secondary Stages According To the Variable Years of Service
...Show More Authors

This current research aims to reveal the difference between the levels of teaching expertise of physics teachers according to the years of service by answering the following question: does the educational skill level of physics teachers work according to the service? The sample of the study consisted of (225) physics teachers by (125) females (56%), and (100) males (44%), distributed on (4) education directorates in Baghdad governorate on both sides of al-Karkh and al-Rusafa. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher prepared a note card for expertise teaching, consisting of (39) paragraphs distributed into (5) fields. The apparent validity and reliability of the card were verified through an agreement (the researcher hers

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Applying Decisions’ Theory to choose an Alternative Factor for Spatial Development in Holy Karbala Governorate
...Show More Authors

It is very well known in the planning publications that when creating spacing development to a region or sub-region, it can be able to make more than an alternative consisting with the strategic directions overtaken from the actual development of region and the situational and developmental objectives needed. However, the difficulty facing the situational planning is in selecting one of these alternatives to be the best in order to make a balanced situational re-structure, and achieving the economic, social and civil objectives. The developmental situation elements in the regions and governorates, including (Karbala) impose themselves as situational power which implies the process of re-structural arrangement where the situational develo

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Syntactic Efforts to The Sheikh Mohammad Muhi Ad-Deen Abdulhameed in Ibin Akeel's Explanation
...Show More Authors

The Arabic language is one of the honoring languages that has a supreme status. Being the language of the Holly Qura'an has increased its refinedness and spread in the Islamic and non-Islamic world. It has become the means of communication and conversation, and the language of knowledge and thought. The multiplicity of its dialects and accents is a sign of its capacity. Many Roman, Persian, and Greek sciences and arts have been translated and Arabicized into it. It has further become the formal language of communication in the world. Many great Arab scholars have played a role in examining it to maintain and elevate it. One of these scholars is the great scientist Mohammad Muhi Ad-Deen Abdulhameed who has done great syntactic efforts in

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Adopting the green value chain to achieve sustainable competitive advantage: study to views of a sample from Ur General Company for Engineering Industries in Dhi Qar
...Show More Authors

       In light of the developments and intense competition that the world has witnessed, the need to search for a sustainable and continuous competitive advantage for economic units has emerged, as the economic units must not lose sight of their interest in the activities they perform to achieve that advantage, and it can be said that the goal of the research is to identify the theoretical dimensions of the green value chain represented by: (Green research and development, green design, green manufacturing, green marketing, green services) and the dimensions of the sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality, creativity, innovation, cost, response to the customer), as well as identifyi

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al Kut Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The relationship of demographic diversity to institutional effectiveness An analytical study of a sample of workers in public organizations in Iraq
...Show More Authors

Diversity has become one of the required phenomena to be available within public organizations, in light of the changes taking place in the global and international environment and in various fields. Therefore, it was imperative to study the impact of this phenomenon in various institutions, especially public ones, in most developing countries, including Iraq. The current research aims to analyze the relationship between The demographic diversity and institutional effectiveness of a sample of workers in public institutions included (500) respondents. The questionnaires were distributed to them randomly. Diversity is considered an independent variable and institutional effectiveness a dependent variable. The researcher used interview tools a

... Show More
Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Paving the Way for PPP's to Infrastructure Projects in Iraq
...Show More Authors

The political situation experienced by Iraq before the events of 2003 that led to the collapse of infrastructure. rebuilding costs were estimated after 2003 by187(million USD) according to the estimates of the basic needs as stated in Five-Year Plan 2010-2014. The difficult in financing projects and the continuous demands for maintenance and operating cost, and working by contemporary styles in different countries, the strategic option is to adopt the government entering the private sector as a partner in the development process. Since public _private partnership (PPP's) is at a germinating stage of development in Iraq, it has been studied the critical success factors(CSF's) in the experiences of countries that have implemented the style

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Mar 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to Selected Nanoparticles (in Vitro Study)
...Show More Authors

Background: Nanoparticles are clusters of atoms in a size range from (1-100) nm. Nano dentistry creates amazing useful structures from individual atoms or molecules (nanoparticles), which provides a new alternative and a possibly superior strategy in prevention and treatment of dental caries through management of dental plaque biofilms. The aim of the study was to test the sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to different concentrations of hydroxyapatite and iron oxide nanoparticles suspension solutions, in comparison to chlorhexidine, and de-ionized water, in vitro. Materials and methods: Agar well technique was applied to test the sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to different concentrations of hydroxyapatite and iron oxide nanoparticle

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref (8)
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 1996
Journal Name
Unpublished
Temporomandibular disorders in pretreatment orthodontic patients as related to malocclusion
...Show More Authors

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were investigated in 143 pretreatment orthodontic patients (43 males and 102 females) whose age ranged between 10-25 years at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The study was undertaken to elucidate the prevalence and severity of TMDs in malocclusion patients and to defme the relationships between malocclusion and TMDs. The clinical signs and subjective symptoms were recorded according to the principles introduced by Helkimo (1974b). Subjective symptoms were reported by 65.7% of the patients with 22.40/0 described as severe, and the most common symptoms were TMJ sounds and feeling offatigue. Clinical signs were observed in 81.8% of the sample with 22.4 and 6.3% described as moderate and

... Show More
Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Ira International Journal Of Education And Multidisciplinary Studies (issn 2455–2526)
Inappropriateness in Iraqi EFL Learners’ E-mail Requests to Professor
...Show More Authors

<div><p><em>This study investigates the use of the speech act of request by </em><em>Iraqi EFL (English as a foreign language) learners </em><em>in student-professor e-mail communication. It aims to examine request strategies and internal modifications in academic requests in e-mail. There has been little investigation of the issue of an academic request made by Arab EFL learners to a higher status person via an authentic data. Thus, this study intends to provide more investigation of the strategies and internal modifiers that are produced by Iraqi EFL learners when they interact with their professors via e-mail. However, this study adapts the CCSARP (cross-cultural speech act realization pr

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref (1)
Crossref