Knowledge and awareness towards cryptosporidiosis were assessed in this study during the period from April 2009 till June 2011, among 188 person of both gender which were divided in different groups and sub groups as following Group 1: include 48 physician from different hospitals and primary health care centers in Baghdad this group were sub divided into 30 Specialist doctors and 18 General practitioners doctors. Group 2 : include 45 teaching staff member from Biology department , Biotechnology department in University of Baghdad and AL-Nahrain University as well as teaching staff member from the college of medicine – University of Baghdad and University of Mustansiryah, this group were sub divided into 9 Ph.D and 36 M.Sc. + B.Sc. me

This study evaluates the advantages of employing nano-hydroxyapatite in dentistry, particularly for preventive treatment applications. Only electronically published papers were searched within this review. Sources: "PubMed" website was the only source used to search for data. 92 most relevant papers to the topic were selected, especially the original articles and review papers, from 1990 till the 1st of April 2022. The morphology of nano-hydroxyapatite, as well as the structure of its crystals, are close to that of dental enamel. As a result, hydroxyapatite can biomimetically replace the natural enamel mineral element. Keywords: remineralization of enamel, nanotechnology, nanohydroxyapatite, hypersensitivity.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or baldness is a common form of hair loss, affecting men more than women .The exact causes and pathogenesis of baldness are not well understood. A search for new drug is still needed. This study aims to evaluate the role of gonadotropins hormones in hair loss in males and its possibility to be used as treatment target. A total of 78 volunteers 43 with baldness and 35 healthy men were participated in this study. Their age ranged between (20-49) years, the studied groups were divided into two categories: firstly according to age (group1: 20-29 year), (group2: 30-39 year),and (group3: 40-49 year).Secondly according to baldness degree. LH and FSH were measured by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.

In mammals, the kidneys originate in an embryo from the mesoderm through three excretory organs, namely: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros. After the formation of Metanephros is completed, the kidneys begin to form nephrogenesis through mesenchymal cells located at the tip of the ureteric bud, that contribute in the formation of glomerulus and Renal tubules. The stages of glomerulus formation in the embryo of albino mice at the age of 14 to 19 days of gestation were studied. It was obtained after the sacrifice of the expectant mother and the kidneys were excised from the embryos and fixed using Aqueous Bouin's solution, Microscopic slices with a thick

تم تقييم المعرفة والوعي تجاه داء الكريبتوسبوريديوس في هذه الدراسة خلال الفترة من أبريل 2009 حتى يونيو 2011 ، من بين 188 شخصًا من كلا الجنسين تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعات ومجموعات فرعية مختلفة على النحو التالي المجموعة 1: تشمل 48 طبيبًا من مختلف المستشفيات والرعاية الصحية الأولية مراكز في بغداد تم تقسيم هذه المجموعة إلى 30 طبيبًا متخصصًا و 18 طبيبًا ممارسًا عامًا. المجموعة الثانية: تضم 45 عضو هيئة تدريس من قسم الأحياء ، قس

Diesel generators is widely used in Iraq for the purpose of maintaining electric power demand. Large number of operators engaged in this work encounters high level of noise generated by back pack type diesel generators used for this purpose. High level of noise exposure gives different kinds of ill effect on human operators. Exact nature of deteriorated work performance is not known., in present research , quastionaire was adsministered 86 repondents in Baghdad city were exposured to wide range of noise level (80-110) dB(A) with different ages and they have different skill discretion levels. Noise levels A-weigthed decibles dB(A) were measured over 8 weeks two times aday during the 2019 summer using a sound level meter.For predicting the wo

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is
defined as isolation of a specified quantitative count
of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine
specimen from an individual without symptoms or
signs of urinary tract infection.
Aim of study: To evaluate the frequency of
bacteriuria according to age, pregnancy, and type II
diabetes mellitus in a sample of Iraqi women.
Patients and Methods: A total of 125 female
individuals were involved. The study participants
were classified into the following groups: nonpregnant
women with type II diabetes mellitus,
pregnant women with type II diabetes mellitus,
pregnant women without type II diabetes mellitus, and
apparently healthy non-pregnant women. Urine