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Traducción de los dos verbos auxiliares ser y estar del español al árabe en la frase nominal
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Resumen:

       La traducción de los dos verbos ser y estar no es una tarea tan simple como piensan muchas personas, sino es una de las complicadas y difíciles tareas, ya que el traductor tiene que saber y perfeccionar los correctos casos gramaticales relacionados con esos dos verbos auxiliares  tanto el verbo ser como el verbo estar, especialmente en la frase nominal para que pueda dar una clara y correcta traducción. Usados con el mismo adjetivo, "ser" comunicará una cualidad que es parte de la identidad o naturaleza del sujeto, mientras que "estar" comunicará un estado o circunstancia del mismo. Este estado se entiende como un estado que contrasta con uno previo, sin importar la duración del mismo. La gramática tradicional española ha concedido tanto a ser a como a estar el dudoso valor de meras cópulas, elementos de unión “vacíos de significado”, por lo que el análisis de una oración como Juan es muy inteligente asigna toda la carga semántica a muy inteligente, el “verdadero núcleo nominal”, lo que determina que el predicado también sea considerado un “predicado nominal”.

Abstract:

There are many types of translation, all of which are very important in human life, between these species is a translation of grammatical forms, which is the foundation stone to a chive an  ideal translation accurate, clear in meaning and unambiguous. Which many of them id the tow auxiliary verbs (Ser, Estar), which is about them is this paper, because this research aims at offering a clear and precise way made by a translation of these two verbs from Spanish to Arabic.

 Some sentences in the Arabic language may be a nominal sentence that is, they consist of a Mubtada and al Khabar,  in this case , there is no need to use any copulative verbs between Mubtada and al Khaba. Example: a brave soldier, while this sentence is the same as if translated into Spanish need to copulative verbs, will be one of these three acts: (Ser y Estar). But the same sentence we find it in spnisha language on this way:  example: El soldado es valiente.
Translator in the event of his initiation in the translation of nominal sentences from Arabic into Spanish language must know any of the three acts must be used Is it (Ser y Estar) as if each of them its own rules. If we wanted to, for example, to translate phrase: (slow tortoise) must bear in mind the following:

That was such a fixed non-variable, or indicate the profession or indicate human origin, affiliation and nationality, in which case we should use the verb (Ser), and if such a variable which is not a recipe profession or status of affiliation to any country. Here, we use the verb (Estar).

Keywords: Ser, Estar, Translation, Difference, Grammatical

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Improving the efficiency and security of passport control processes at airports by using the R-CNN object detection model
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The use of real-time machine learning to optimize passport control procedures at airports can greatly improve both the efficiency and security of the processes. To automate and optimize these procedures, AI algorithms such as character recognition, facial recognition, predictive algorithms and automatic data processing can be implemented. The proposed method is to use the R-CNN object detection model to detect passport objects in real-time images collected by passport control cameras. This paper describes the step-by-step process of the proposed approach, which includes pre-processing, training and testing the R-CNN model, integrating it into the passport control system, and evaluating its accuracy and speed for efficient passenger flow

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 18 2023
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Public relations programs and its role to enhance the morale of employees in the Ministry of Transportation: A survey study on the State land Transport Company
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This research aims to learn about public relations programs and their role to enhance the morale of the State land Transport Company employees.The researcher relied on the survey method and use a questionnaire and scale tools to collect information from workers in the Department of Relations and Media and employees in all departments.
The research reached several conclusions, including:
1- Public relations seek to increase workers’ confidence in senior management and motivate them to improve their production, as well as their relentless endeavor to bring workers closer by following multiple and varied forms of communication with them.
2- The results of the study showed that there was a negative i

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Designing and Application of Mathematical Model A Multi – Objectives for Assessment The Quality Of The Project : A Case Study at Saad Public Construction Company
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Abstract

This research aims to design a multi-objective mathematical model to assess the project quality based on three criteria: time, cost and performance. This model has been applied in one of the major projects formations of the Saad Public Company which enables to completion the project on time at an additional cost that would be within the estimated budget with a satisfactory level of the performance which match with consumer requirements. The problem of research is to ensure that the project is completed with the required quality Is subject to constraints, such as time, cost and performance, so this requires prioritizing multiple goals. The project

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Analysis of Temperature and Residual Stress Distribution in CO2 Laser Welded Aluminum 6061 Plates Using FEM
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This paper develops a nonlinear transient three-dimensional heat transfer finite element model and a rate independent three-dimensional deformation model, developed for the CO2 laser welding simulations in Al-6061-T6 alloy. Simulations are performed using an indirect coupled thermal-structural method for the process of welding. Temperature-dependent thermal properties of Al-6061-T6, effect of latent heat of fusion, and the convective and radiative boundary conditions are included in the model. The heat input to the model is assumed to be a Gaussian heat source. The finite element code ANSYS12, along with a few FORTRAN subroutines, are employed to obtain the numerical results. The benefit of the proposed methodology is that it

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Suggested Procedures According To COSO Integrated Framework To Evaluate The Internal Control System In Iraqi Oil Companies
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The research amid to measure the extent of the Suggested procedures of the internal control in accordance with the updated COSO framework in improving the procedures for internal control work in Iraqi oil companies. As the research problem was represented in suggesting procedures for internal control according to the updated COSO framework and finding out the relationship of correlation and influence between the suggested procedures and the internal control procedures that are done in the Iraqi oil companies. The research followed the quantitative approach to handling and analysing data by designing a Questionnaire to represent the research tool for collecting data. The study population was represented in the Iraqi oil companies,

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Prediction of the Scale Removal Rate in Heat Exchanger Piping System Using the Analogies between Mass and Momentum Transfer
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The possibility of predicting the mass transfer controlled CaCO3 scale removal   rate has been investigated.

Experiments were carried out using chelating agents as a cleaning solution at different time and Reynolds’s number. The results of CaCO3 scale removal or (mass transfer rate) (as it is the controlling process) are compared with proposed model of prandtl’s and Taylor particularly based on the concept of analogy among momentum and mass transfer.

Correlation for the variation of Sherwood number ( or mass transfer rate ) with Reynolds’s number have been obtained .

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimate size sub-population by Killworth method
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The aim of the thesis is to estimate the partial and inaccessible population groups, which is a field study to estimate the number of drug’s users in the Baghdad governorate for males who are (15-60) years old.

Because of the absence of data approved by government institutions, as well as the difficulty of estimating the numbers of these people from the traditional survey, in which the respondent expresses himself or his family members in some cases. In these challenges, the NSUM Network Scale-Up Method Is mainly based on asking respondents about the number of people they know in their network of drug addicts.

Based on this principle, a statistical questionnaire was designed to

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Oct 08 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Study of Laser Propagation Parameters in the Underdense Plasma Region Using a Two Dimensional Simulation Code
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The propagation of laser beam in the underdense deuterium plasma has been studied via computer simulation using the fluid model. An appropriate computer code “HEATER” has been modified and is used for this purpose. The propagation is taken to be in a cylindrical symmetric medium. Different laser wavelengths (1 = 10.6 m, 2 = 1.06 m, and 3 = 0.53 m) with a Gaussian pulse type and 15 ns pulse widths have been considered. Absorption energy and laser flux have been calculated for different plasma and laser parameters. The absorbed laser energy showed maximum for  = 0.53 m. This high absorbitivity was inferred to the effect of the pondermotive force.

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimation of parameters of two-dimensional sinusoidal signal model by employing Deferential Evaluation algorithm and the use of Sequential approach in estimation
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Estimation the unknown parameters of a two-dimensional sinusoidal signal model is an important and a difficult problem , The importance of this model  in modeling Symmetric gray- scale texture image . In this paper, we propose employment Deferential Evaluation algorithm and the use of Sequential approach to estimate the unknown frequencies and amplitudes of the 2-D sinusoidal components when the signal is affected by noise. Numerical simulation are performed for different sample size, and various level of standard deviation to observe the performance of this method in estimate the parameters of 2-D sinusoidal signal model , This model was used for modeling  the Symmetric gray scale texture image and estimating by using

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Adopting opportunity cost as a tool to increase tax revenue: Applied research in the General Tax Authority - Companies Division
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This research seeks to try to address one of the important issues in society that prevents the state from achieving its social, economic, political and financial goals, represented by the low tax proceeds, through which it can achieve those goals. What is reflected on the tax proceeds, knowing that the General Tax Authority does not take into account the issue of analyzing the opportunity cost of corporate capital as one of the profit indicators when setting the annual controls, which leads to a decrease in the tax proceeds, and therefore the research objective will be to shed light on the importance of adopting the concept of analysis The opportunity cost by the General Tax Authority to achieve a tax proceeds commensurate with t

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