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El porqué de la confusión entre el pretérito indefinido y el imperfecto en la lengua española para alumnos de Irak The reason of confusion between past perfect and imperfect in Spanish for Iraqi students
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Las diferencias entre el pretérito perfecto simple y el imperfecto son uno de los temas más complejos de la lengua española, no sólo para el estudiante, sino para el profesor, puesto que sistematizar los casos y hacerlos fácilmente comprensibles al alumno es tarea difícil. Los profesores de lengua, cuyas investigaciones han dado lugar a una serie de teorías y de corrientes metodológicas y didácticas que permiten enfocar la enseñanza de una lengua extranjera de manera muy distinta a como se hacía tradicionalmente. Vamos a repasar muy brevemente cuáles son estas teorías.

En primer lugar es necesario señalar en qué consiste el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua:

"El aprendizaje de una segunda lengua (L2) es el proceso por el que un individuo adquiere un nivel de competencia lingüística y comunicativa que le permite entrar en interacción con una comunidad lingüística que no es la suya propia" [Santos 1993,118].[1]

Abstract :

The present research is about the confusion facing the students in choosing either the past perfect or imperfect; this problem is due to the differences between the Arabic grammar and that of the Spanish in expressing the past.

In Arabic there is only one type of past, while in Spanish there are 5 types, The researcher chose only two to compare between them and to find the right method to teach the students the past perfect and imperfect; although the past perfect is just like the Arabic past and is expressed by adverbs followed by the verb in Spanish but it is difficult to determine when to choose past imperfect because it is continuous in the past and has no start and end points.

This research analyses the phrase grammatically and we explained their meanings in Arabic and found out how to deal with the problem and how to teach the student to correct the mistake and how to understand the meaning of the whole phrase in Spanish and how to find the best answer without trying to use Arabic grammar instead of Spanish because of the differences among verbs in these two languages.

So the best way is to give up the traditional method of teaching and start a new brand one through which the student can learn the right Spanish grammar by communication and conversation and help the student to identify his mistakes and correct them by observing the time of the phrase through which the student understand the general meaning of the phrase.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On a Subclass of Meromorphic Univalent Functions With Fixed Second Coefficientsassociated with q-Differed Operator
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The main object of this article is to study and introduce a subclass of meromorphic univalent functions with fixed second positive defined by q-differed operator. Coefficient bounds, distortion and Growth theorems, and various are  the obtained results.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Alexandria Engineering Journal
Biodegradation of reactive dyes by some bacteria using response surface methodology as an optimization technique
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Water pollution as a result of contamination with dye-contaminating effluents is a severe issue for water reservoirs, which instigated the study of biodegradation of Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue dyes by E. coli and Bacillus sp. The effects of occupation time, solution pH, initial dyes concentrations, biomass loading, and temperature were investigated via batch-system experiments by using the Design of Experiment (DOE) for 2 levels and 5 factors response surface methodology (RSM). The operational conditions used for these factors were optimized using quadratic techniques by reducing the number of experiments. The results revealed that the two types of bacteria had a powerful effect on biodegradable dyes. The regression analysis reveale

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Data Classification using Quantum Neural Network
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In this paper, integrated quantum neural network (QNN), which is a class of feedforward

neural networks (FFNN’s), is performed through emerging quantum computing (QC) with artificial neural network(ANN) classifier. It is used in data classification technique, and here iris flower data is used as a classification signals. For this purpose independent component analysis (ICA) is used as a feature extraction technique after normalization of these signals, the architecture of (QNN’s) has inherently built in fuzzy, hidden units of these networks (QNN’s) to develop quantized representations of sample information provided by the training data set in various graded levels of certainty. Experimental results presented here show that

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
CONSTRUCTION DELAY ANALYSIS USING DAILY WINDOWS TECHNIQUE
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Delays occur commonly in construction projects. Assessing the impact of delay is sometimes a contentious
issue. Several delay analysis methods are available but no one method can be universally used over another in
all situations. The selection of the proper analysis method depends upon a variety of factors including
information available, time of analysis, capabilities of the methodology, and time, funds and effort allocated to the analysis. This paper presents computerized schedule analysis programmed that use daily windows analysis method as it recognized one of the most credible methods, and it is one of the few techniques much more likely to be accepted by courts than any other method. A simple case study has been implement

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
مجلة كلية بغداد للعلوم الاقتصادية الجامعة
Proposed family speech recognition
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Speech recognition is a very important field that can be used in many applications such as controlling to protect area, banking, transaction over telephone network database access service, voice email, investigations, House controlling and management ... etc. Speech recognition systems can be used in two modes: to identify a particular person or to verify a person’s claimed identity. The family speaker recognition is a modern field in the speaker recognition. Many family speakers have similarity in the characteristics and hard to identify between them. Today, the scope of speech recognition is limited to speech collected from cooperative users in real world office environments and without adverse microphone or channel impairments.

Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Ovonic Research
Effect of reduced graphene oxide hybridization on ZnO nanoparticles sensitivity to NO2 gas: A DFT study
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In the present work, a density functional theory (DFT) calculation to simulate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle's sensitivity to NO2 gas is performed. In comparison with the experiment, DFT calculations give acceptable results to available bond lengths, lattice parameters, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy gaps, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc. to ZnO, rGO, and ZnO/rGO hybrid. ZnO and rGO show n-type and p-type semiconductor behavior, respectively. The formed p-n heterojunction between rGO and ZnO is of the staggering gap type. Results show that rGO increases the sensitivity of ZnO to NO2 gas as they form a hybrid. ZnO/rGO hybrid has a higher number of vacancies that can b

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Publication Date
Mon May 15 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Using Web Camera Enet to Measure Statistical Characteristic of Homogenous Target Illuminated by Different Tungsten Light
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The effect of White Place Image ( Test Image )  A4   has been studied as a function of luminous intensity using the  t tu un ng gs st te en n    l la am mpp and web camera enet. It was found that the tungsten lamp gives almost even intensities for the three color band and  lighting composite at low voltage .while at high voltage causes a fare from each other .  The statistical characteristic(mean and stander deviation ) results for three colors composites RGB and lighting  composites L showed that the mean and stander deviation increases with the increase of voltage possibly owing to the increase image  resolution, which reflects the value of  stander deviation for the blue band

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Enhancement of Photoconductive Detector Based on Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles by Adding Conductive Polymer
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In this work, wide band range photo detector operating in UV, Visible and IR was fabricated using carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Silicon was used as a substrate to deposited CNTs/Ag NPs by the drop casting technique. Polyamide nylon polymer was used to coat CNTs/Ag NPs to enhance the photo-response of the detector. The electro-exploding wire technology was used to synthesize Ag NPs. Good dispersion of silver NPs achieved by a simple chemistry process on the surface of CNTs. The optical, structure and electrical characteristic of CNTs decorated with Ag NPs were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy.  X-ray diffra

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Publication Date
Wed May 16 2018
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Kinetic Study of Methyl Green Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Bauxite Clay at Different Temperatures
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    Kinetic experiments were performed to induce of the green methyl dye adsorption from aqueous solution on the bauxite clay. This study includes  determination of  the adsorption capacity of  bauxite clay to methyl green dye adsorption and study the effect of some parameters  ( temperature , time ) on the kinetic of the adsorption process of the dye were studied. Quantity of dye adsorbed was increased when the temperature increases from 298 to 318K which indicates that methyl green adsorption processes are endothermic nature . In order to describe the kinetic data and the rate adsorption constants of the pseudo-first-order and  second-order kinetics were used . The kinetics data were applied well

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 25 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Bioactivity of Gutta flow II versus Modified Gutta Percha based Silicon Endodontic Sealers by Nanobioactive Fillers
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The success of endodontic therapy is relied on radicular system cleaning, shaping, elimination of micro-organisms, and three dimensional filling of the radicular complex.This study was conducted to develop and assess new root canal sealer incorporating nano-sized bioactive glass into Gutta Flow II. The following concentration was used depend on a pilot study included adding (3%) of 45S5 bioactive glass into the Gutta Flow II. These materials were tested through assessment bioactivity. bioactivity test was undertaken after immersion of the tested samples into PBS for three days, seven days, fourteen days, and twenty eight days using FTIR too. study was found that it’s peaks was appear at level 800-1000 cm-1. The results showed that GFII gr

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