Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon his family and companions.
And after:
The research dealt with an important and critical era in the history of the Seljuk State of the Romans in Asia Minor, as that country, after the assumption of Sultan Ghiath al-Din Kehsaru II in the year 634 AH / 1236 CE, was subjected to the constant Mongol threat, so the research came marked with (the Seljuk State of Rome in Asia Minor and the Mongol invasion 634 - 708 AH / 1236 - 1308 AD) The research showed the succession of the Seljuk Sultans to the rulers whose rule after the death of Sultan Alaeddin Kikbad was weak and subject to the authority of the Mongols and the conflict of the sons among them over the throne of the Seljuk Sultanate, and to clarify the dispute that occurred between Izz al-Din Kikaus and his brother Rukn al-Din Qulayj Arslan Izz al-Din took refuge in Constantine The discussion dealt with the understanding and alliance between the Turks of Asia Minor and the Mamluk sultans in Cairo with the intention of confronting the common Mongol enemy. The relations of that country with the Abbasid Caliphate and the neighboring countries of the Khwarizmites and the Ayyubids were discussed.
The research dealt with the Mongol threat to the Sultans of the Seljuk state, as their country visited the Tatar forces and fought with them important battles, the most famous of which was the Battle of Kusa Dag
That ended with the victory of the Mongol forces over the Seljuks of the Romans in the year 640 AH / 1242 CE.
The research touched on the end of that country after the death of their last sultans Sultan Masud bin Izz al-Din Kikaus Masoud II, so the rule of the Seljuks in Asia Minor ended, which resulted in the emergence of a large number of Turkish Emirates on the ruins of the Sultanate of Rum in the year 708 AH / 1308 CE.
Literary works include, for the most part, text thresholds, which are the first entry into reading them and understanding their connotations, and (literary works) vary according to text thresholds, some of which are limited to the title and on the cover page only, and others, in addition to these two thresholds, are based on the dedication threshold too, and others ...
This study takes the story of "Mamo Zain" of the poet Ahmed Al-Khani and his translator Sheikh Muhammad Ramadan Al-Bouti as the field of study, as it is a unique literary work, which included a number of textual thresholds which supported each other and cooperated with the content of the work.
The threshold of dedication in the story of "Mamo Zain" was a spee
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The Islamic religion is a religion of tolerance and is pleased with worship and other legislation and the idea of peace is an authentic and profound idea related to the call for coexistence with all religions. The Prophet (PBUH) was keen to organize his relations with non-Muslims on the basis of cohabitation, On the basis of love and intolerance, God Almighty says: "If your Lord wants to make people one nation and they are still backward." Surah Hud: 118 Islam has taken care of the people and made them tolerant brothers who sympathize with their different beliefs. Which means that everyone has the right to live, believe and believe what he sees right and have the freedom to perform the acts of worship and beliefs he deems correct. The di
... Show MoreThe current study is concerned with presenting a descriptive study of the history of the city of Astrabath in the sixth century AH. The problem that the research tried to answer is represented in the investigation of historical news, and the study of the most prominent cultural aspects which characterizing that city. The research also aims to reach the geographical location of that city, its name and its suburbs. The importance of the research lies in the knowledge of everything related to the role of the civilization of Astrabath, as well as tracing the entry of the Arabs to it, so that it became a cultural, economic and scientific center and its historical role in the sixth century AH. The research reminde us with the scientific role o
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This paper has been taken out of a PhD dissertation titled "features of the political of Ali Al-Wardi" by the student Nahid Jaber Hassan .It was supervised by assistant professor Dr. Amer Hassan Faiyadh. Ali Al-Wardi (1913-1995) is a brilliant Iraqi Scientist. He wrote many scientific books. He created so many en lighted societal thoughts. Concerning the political affairs, Al-wardi presented opinions concerning the Iraqi Society based on the tri-concepts (The individual to be a good citizen, the society to be civic and the state to be modern). This paper is concerned with the uncovering of the concepts of authority and the state in the thinking's of Ali alwardi .He considered those variables as the basis of the tri-dimensional political
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Values and ideals are two basic pillars in human life, and high societies have been keen throughout their ages to adhere to and establish them so that man can distinguish good and evil, right and wrong, as they are a balance of actions that give man a higher value. Many of the followers of Abbasid literature, poetry and prose – it is noted that many imams and writers have been keen to highlight these values and make them material for their poetry and literature, courage, generosity, chastity and....All meanings of human values and there is no doubt that one of the texts abounding in this field is what was reported from the people of the house of infallibility pure (peace be upon them), including we touch it in the visit of Imam Jaafar al-
... Show MoreOver last decade, rapid growth in economic and population accompanied with depletion of the energy resources lead to serious impacts on environment and humanity. This development coupled with active constructions, which in some examples ignore the impact on the environment and human activities. Therefore, principle of sustainability has required in order to reducing this negative impact on the environment and the humanity.In developing countries, it seems that there is a huge gap between the current construction practices and sustainable principle, which need more attention to clarify and define the problems in order to find suitable solutions before it comes more difficult and expensive. The study aims to choose one of the develo
This research deals with the technical configuration of the beautiful visions among Bany Ahmar poets reflected through the incarnation of beautiful artistic images that manifests itself clearly in the combination of two contradictories simultaneously.
The main conclusion is, the Andalusian poets try to use those fictional visions in search of aesthetic pleasure and values, through forming an image from water and fire as two prominent contradicted elements to express the impact of the heat of wine which soon vanishes when it is mixed with water. By this, they show the beautiful side of nature that suggests joy and splendor.
The methods used by the print media (press) is varied in conveying its messages and its orientations to the readers. But language takes the leading method among these methods, or a real competitor - so far - due to the characteristics and advantages of languages, including: ease, abbreviation, and development, etc.
In the midst of such events, political tensions, and what they carry of the global developments, and among which was the most important the fall of the former Iraqi regime in the spring of 2003, the press had the greatest share, and a large portion on the level of monitoring, analyzing, and interpreting the various consequences of the event. The interpreting of the news varies according to the evolving political trends
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Medina was according to its importance and religious status the basis for the emergence and emergence of historical schools, it is the emigration of the Prophet and the presence of the companions , and it was natural to shine the beginnings of historical codification, whether in the process of collecting and codification of the verses of the Koran or the Hadith, and once the pillars settled Islam in the Islamic areas until the Muslims began to go to the city to provide a broader knowledge of the Islamic religion and everything related to the biography of the Prophet and the significance and actions, and in return took the jurists and preservation and readers of the companions and followers to undertake the task of teaching in work
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