Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon his family and companions.
And after:
The research dealt with an important and critical era in the history of the Seljuk State of the Romans in Asia Minor, as that country, after the assumption of Sultan Ghiath al-Din Kehsaru II in the year 634 AH / 1236 CE, was subjected to the constant Mongol threat, so the research came marked with (the Seljuk State of Rome in Asia Minor and the Mongol invasion 634 - 708 AH / 1236 - 1308 AD) The research showed the succession of the Seljuk Sultans to the rulers whose rule after the death of Sultan Alaeddin Kikbad was weak and subject to the authority of the Mongols and the conflict of the sons among them over the throne of the Seljuk Sultanate, and to clarify the dispute that occurred between Izz al-Din Kikaus and his brother Rukn al-Din Qulayj Arslan Izz al-Din took refuge in Constantine The discussion dealt with the understanding and alliance between the Turks of Asia Minor and the Mamluk sultans in Cairo with the intention of confronting the common Mongol enemy. The relations of that country with the Abbasid Caliphate and the neighboring countries of the Khwarizmites and the Ayyubids were discussed.
The research dealt with the Mongol threat to the Sultans of the Seljuk state, as their country visited the Tatar forces and fought with them important battles, the most famous of which was the Battle of Kusa Dag
That ended with the victory of the Mongol forces over the Seljuks of the Romans in the year 640 AH / 1242 CE.
The research touched on the end of that country after the death of their last sultans Sultan Masud bin Izz al-Din Kikaus Masoud II, so the rule of the Seljuks in Asia Minor ended, which resulted in the emergence of a large number of Turkish Emirates on the ruins of the Sultanate of Rum in the year 708 AH / 1308 CE.
Reconstruction project management in the cities of Mosul, Anbar, and Tikrit, in Iraq still faces major obstacles that impede the comprehensive performance of these projects. It is thus necessary to improve the arising challenge estimation in the implementation of reconstruction projects and evaluate their components: time, cost, quality, and scope. This study used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize major and minor criteria in the influential causes of challenges and formulate a mathematical model to help decision-makers estimate them. Using the Super Decisions software, the final results indicated that changes in scope reached 40.8%, which is the greatest difficulty, followed by changes in cost at 27.6%, changes in
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It has become clear to see the role of the small and medium enterprises in the economy, and for the continuity of these projects it is necessary to supply finance from the banks, How ever the latter suffers risk of lending.
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The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project aims to establish a free geospatial database for the entire world which is editable by international volunteers. The OSM database contains a wide range of different types of geographical data and characteristics, including highways, buildings, and land use regions. The varying scientific backgrounds of the volunteers can affect the quality of the spatial data that is produced and shared on the internet as an OSM dataset. This study aims to compare the completeness and attribute accuracy of the OSM road networks with the data supplied by a digitizing process for areas in the Baghdad and Thi-Qar governorates. The analyses are primarily based on calculating the portion of the commission (extr
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This study examines the species composition, biodiversity, zoogeography, and ecology of freshwater gastropods of 12 springs in Andijan region of Uzbekistan. The study used generally accepted malacological, faunistic, ecological, analytical, and statistical methods. As a result of research in the springs, 14 species of freshwater gastropods belonging to 2 subclasses, 5 families, and 10 genera were recorded. 7 of them are endemic to Central Asia. When indicators of biodiversity of mollusks were analyzed according to the Shannon index, it was found that the highest value was recorded in the springs besides the hills. According to the biotope of distribution and bioecological features, they were divided into cryophilic, phytophilic, pelophil
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A total of 45 voucher specimens of falcons which are deposited in the bird's collection of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum (INHM) were reviewed. Mummified falcons were preserved as voucher study specimens and tagged with museum collection labels. In the current study, morphometrics of six species of the genus Falco Linnaeus, 1758: Lanner falcon F. biarmicus Temminck, 1825; Sacker Falcon F. cherrug Gray, 1834; Lesser Kestrel F. naumanni Fleischer, 1818; Peregrine Falcon F. peregrines Tunstall, 1771; Eurasian Hobby F. subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 and Common Kestrel F. tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 were documented.
These species were recorded previously in the ornithological literatures by several authors and deposited in the
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The oil and gas industry relies heavily on IT innovations to manage business processes, but the exponential generation of data has led to concerns about processing big data, generating valuable insights, and making timely decisions. Many companies have adopted Big Data Analytics (BDA) solutions to address these challenges. However, determining the adoption of BDA solutions requires a thorough understanding of the contextual factors influencing these decisions. This research explores these factors using a new Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework, presenting technological, organisational, and environmental factors. The study used a Delphi research method and seven heterogeneous panelists from an Oman oil and gas company
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental management accounting information (EMAI) on the design process of environmental and sustainable products of Iraqi industrial companies. This process has five different sub-processes: research process, analysis process, conceptual design process, detailed design process and design production process. The study uses the quantitative approach as the questionnaire was designed and distributed to 87 quality managers, production managers, design managers and financial managers. The MANOVA analysis shows that EMAI has a positive and significant effect on three of these processes, namely research process, analysis process and detailed design process, while EMAI has an insi
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The research aimed at finding out the effect of functional rotation on the tax performance of the employees of the General Authority for Taxes through the five-meter questionnaire prepared according to the required data. The data obtained from the research sample were analyzed. The results showed a significant effect of recycling In the tax performance, and this is evident from the proportion of his contribution to the interpretation of the total variation, which is a good indicator of the impact of functional rotation in the performance of the body sample research.
The research aims at a statement Internal Debt options during shocks and the impact of this borrowing in the volume of the foreign reserve, using induction and deduction with available data analysis. During the period (2004-2013) did not require the use of borrowing across (financial institutions, discounted transfers, bonds); it was only sufficient by transfer with commercial banks that can finance of temporary budget deficits: rose and decline of volume of foreign reserve according to the changes of oil prices and the volume of purchases and sales of the Central Bank of Iraq. Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) has significantly contributed to Internal Debt through bond and discounted transfers in the secondary market; thus, funding the
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