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Historical development of Islamic jurisprudence - Develop a model
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       Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Messenger of God, and upon his family, companions, and those who are guided by his guidance.

Then:

       Our Islamic jurisprudence and its basic principles are fixed, namely: the Noble Qur’an, then the Prophet’s Sunnah, then consensus, then analogy. However, it is characteristic of what makes it developed to meet the requirements of renewed life, including: sent interests, custom, approval, blocking pretexts, changing times. That is why it went through different stages, growth, brilliance, stagnation and endowment; Therefore, many scholars of Islamic jurisprudence divided its stages into four sections: the stage of infancy, the stage of youth, the stage of eloquent and perfect, and the stage of old age.

       This research deals with the stage of emergence, and focuses on two sections and a conclusion.

First: The sources of jurisprudence in the era of infancy.

Second: the characteristics of legislation in the process of emerging.

Then the conclusion of the most important results.

-God grants success -

Keywords: jurisprudence, development, genesis.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2026
Journal Name
Al Kut Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use of the Bootstrap in the logistic regression model for Breast cancer disease
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The logistic regression model is one of the oldest and most common of the regression models, and it is known as one of the statistical methods used to describe and estimate the relationship between a dependent random variable and explanatory random variables. Several methods are used to estimate this model, including the bootstrap method, which is one of the estimation methods that depend on the principle of sampling with return, and is represented by a sample reshaping that includes (n) of the elements drawn by randomly returning from (N) from the original data, It is a computational method used to determine the measure of accuracy to estimate the statistics, and for this reason, this method was used to find more accurate estimates. The ma

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 14 2019
Journal Name
International Journal On Emerging Technologies
Utilizing an Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Bearing Capacity of Stone Columns
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ABSTRACT: Ultimate bearing capacity of soft ground reinforced with stone column was recently predicted using various artificial intelligence technologies such as artificial neural network because of all the advantages that they can offer in minimizing time, effort and cost. As well as, most of applied theories or predicted formulas deduced analytically from previous studies were feasible only for a particular testing environment and do not match other field or laboratory datasets. However, the performance of such techniques depends largely on input parameters that really affect the target output and missing of any parameter can lead to inaccurate results and give a false indicator. In the current study, data were collected from previous rel

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Application of SWAT Model for Sediment Loads from Valleys Transmitted to Haditha Reservoir
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This study included the extraction properties of spatial and morphological basins studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model linked to (GIS) to find the amount of sediment and rates of flow that flows into the Haditha reservoir . The aim of this study is determine the amount of sediment coming from the valleys and flowing into the Haditha Dam reservoir for 25 years ago for the period (1985-2010) and its impact on design lifetime of the Haditha Dam reservoir and to determine the best ways to reduce the sediment transport. The result indicated that total amount of sediment coming from all valleys about (2.56 * 106 ton). The maximum annual total sediment load was about (488.22 * 103 ton) in year 1988

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics
Some Methods to Estimate the Parameters of Generalized Exponential Rayleigh Model by Simulation
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This paper shews how to estimate the parameter of generalized exponential Rayleigh (GER) distribution by three estimation methods. The first one is maximum likelihood estimator method the second one is moment employing estimation method (MEM), the third one is rank set sampling estimator method (RSSEM)The simulation technique is used for all these estimation methods to find the parameters for generalized exponential Rayleigh distribution. Finally using the mean squares error criterion to compare between these estimation methods to find which of these methods are best to the others

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 30 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Model fuels by Prepared Nano TiO2 with Phosphotungstic acid
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In this study, nano TiO2 was prepared with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a resource to titanium oxide. The catalyst was synthesized using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB) was used as the structure-directing material. Characterization of the product was done by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF), nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, were used to characterize the calcined TiO2 nanoparticles by STAB and PWA. The TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared in three crystalline forms (amorphous, anatase, anatase-rutile). The results showed that the nanoparticles of anatase TiO2 have good cata

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 12 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
The Protective Effect of Omega-7 on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Model
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Omega-7 is a monounsaturated fatty acid that has a number of beneficial effects. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent is commonly used to treat solid tumors. Cisplatin΄s clinical use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity induced by Cisplatin is thought to be linked with increased formation of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of omega-7 against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty male wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups (six rats in each group), group 1 rats received liquid paraffin solution orally for 7 consecutive days, group 2 rats received liquid paraffin solution orally for 7 consecutive days then received single cisplatin intraperitone

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 30 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Oxidation desulfurization of model oil using carbon composite derived from peach stone waste
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     In this study, oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) with H2O2 as an oxidant was studied, whereas the catalyst used was zirconium oxide supported on Activated carbon (AC). Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was impregnated over prepared activated carbon (AC) and characterized by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, and EDX. This composite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation desulfurization of simulated oil. The results of this study showed that ZrO2/AC composite exhibited significant catalytic activity and stability, effectively lowering sulfur content under mild conditions. Factors such as reaction temperature (30, 40, 50, 60°C), time (5, 10, 15,20,30,60, 80 100 min), catalyst dose (0.3, 0.5,

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Publication Date
Mon May 11 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Proposing Robust LAD-Atan Penalty of Regression Model Estimation for High Dimensional Data
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         The issue of penalized regression model has received considerable critical attention to variable selection. It plays an essential role in dealing with high dimensional data. Arctangent denoted by the Atan penalty has been used in both estimation and variable selection as an efficient method recently. However, the Atan penalty is very sensitive to outliers in response to variables or heavy-tailed error distribution. While the least absolute deviation is a good method to get robustness in regression estimation. The specific objective of this research is to propose a robust Atan estimator from combining these two ideas at once. Simulation experiments and real data applications show that the p

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 30 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Model fuels by Prepared Nano TiO2 with Phosphotungstic acid
...Show More Authors

In this study, nano TiO2 was prepared with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a resource to titanium oxide. The catalyst was synthesized using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB) was used as the structure-directing material. Characterization of the product was done by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF), nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, were used to characterize the calcined TiO2 nanoparticles by STAB and PWA. The TiO2 nanomaterials were prepared in three crystalline forms (amorphous, anatase, anatase-rutile). The results showed that the

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Crossref (11)
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Drag Reduction Using Passive Methods on KIA PRIDE Car Model
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An experimental study on a KIA pride (SAIPA 131) car model with scale of 1:14 in the wind tunnel was made beside the real car tests. Some of the modifications to passive flow control which are (vortex generator, spoiler and slice diffuser) were added to the car to reduce the drag force which its undesirable characteristic that increase fuel consumption and exhaust toxic gases. Two types of calculations were used to determine the drag force acting on the car body. Firstly, is by the integrating the values of pressure recorded along the pressure taps (for the wind tunnel and the real car testing), secondly, is by using one component balance device (wind tunnel testing) to measure the force. The results show that, the avera

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