In this research, the seasonal Optimal Reliable Frequency (ORF) variations between different transmitter/receiver stations have been determined. Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra have been chosen as tested transmitting stations that located in the northern, center, and southern of Iraqi zone. In this research, the minimum and maximum years (2009 and 2014) of solar cycle 24 have been chosen to examine the effect of solar activity on the determined seasonal ORF parameter. Mathematical model has been proposed which leads to generate the Optimal Reliable Frequency that can maintain the seasonal connection links for different path lengths and bearings. The suggested ORF parameter represented by a different orders polynomial equation. The polynom

The current paper examines the Arab EFL teacher view on the application of AI-based chatbots as a method of aiding writing instruction. It explores pedagogy, didactic difficulties and ethics. The overall aim is to clarify the perception that teachers have of AI chatbots as a useful tool in the writing process and to find out to what degree these perceptions are reflected in instructional decision-making and classroom behaviors. A quantitative study was conducted using a structured questionnaire that was given to forty Arab EFL teachers, using a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. To elaborate and contextualize the survey results, qualitative enquiry was implemented through semi-structured interviews with twelve teachers. Fin

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can monitor the transmission of COVID-19 and viral alterations. Objectives: To provide information about testing techniques and infection control measures, as well as to direct the development of vaccines and treatments for the Corona virus. Methods: Six Iraqi SARS-CoV-2 strains were investigated using whole-genome sequencing using the next-generation sequencing method. The sequencing was carried out with an Illumina MiSeq system, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for all Iraqi sequences retrieved from GISAID. Results: The analysis of the isolates from this study showed that all the sequences from the most recent wave, which happened in the summer of 2022, were primarily clustered

The study aims to study the effect of some circuit training exercises on the physical fitness of the referees in the Iraqi Stars League. In the study the experimental design used pre-test and post-test to measure improvement of the participants in speed, agility, and overall endurance. There were 24 referees that performed structured circuit training for 8 weeks. Gradually, the training sessions were tailored to maintain an ongoing improvement of the different components of physical fitness required for high-quality referees. The findings showed marked improvements in the physical capacity of referees, with times taken for the sprint and the agility tests falling significantly. Statistical analysis verified that improvements were

قياس وتحليل تأثير صدمات أسعار النفط الخام على راس المال البشري في العراق للمدة (1970 – 2021)