Value Engineering is an analytical study on projects or services using a specific procedure and a multidisciplinary working group, works for the identification and classification of the project functions; either for a better perfuming of these functions or to lessen the total project cost or the two together. Value Engineering main aim is on finding innovative alternatives, without effecting the basic requirements of the project, its methodology based on the functional balancing between the three elements of production "performance, quality and cost". This methodology based on the "functional analysis", had shown high possibilities in solving any problem facing the production procedure , achieve better investment for available re

The study tries to answer several questions posed by the subject, one of the important: How the Internet promotes rumor? And what are the most Internet applications that promote rumor? And the practical ways to reduce these negative? Using the process of in vestige and reading theoretical heritage available in this field, and inferred the numbers and statistics marked the uses of the Internet and its applications over recent years, and the characteristics of each these tools in the field of collection, processing, and dissemination of information

This research deals with the study of the obstacles to peaceful coexistence in Iraq. Therefore, our hypothesis is that these obstacles are not attributed to one reason or to one source. Therefore, peaceful coexistence among the components of Iraqi society remains fragile and vulnerable to collapse and threat at any moment. This society, which is already in need of social relations, needs more than ever to coexist and consolidate it. Through the exercise of democracy in Iraq in a manner that guarantees rights and duties for all, to restore mutual trust between the components of this community in a way that feels they are citizens of the state.

The current study is unique in its emphasis on investigating design operation and concept from multiple scientific perspectives: including invention, technique, and design components. This research tends to study the methodology and creation of design process in a holistic manner so that the readers may grasp their characteristics and properties down to its minute epistemological detail. The investigation of the design concept is where the real groundwork and pressing need for the study begin. Creation and methodology are two primary concepts in relation to design these relationships can be formed in any design because of the various forces that act upon it. The primordial objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship betw

The problem of the study crystallized in the following main question: What is the role of media awareness in building the student’s personality according to the opinions of a sample of middle school students? The importance of the research derives from the importance of media awareness being an important variable in building the student’s personality. The sample size was (50) students at Al-Kadhimiya Al-Sabahiya Preparatory School for Boys. In this research, a scale was used to measure the role of media awareness in building personality through (16) items on three axes (cognitive, skill, emotional), and the validity and reliability of this scale were extracted, and the results showed the following:

The practice by the  administration of human resources  on effectiveness of organization  crisis as two knowledge fields , it were be until now as center for many studies, but the collect it, study of relation between them ,and The role of practices  by the  administration of human resources  on effectiveness of organization  crisis administration  were considered a new study and first according to the available and showing  studies at this field .

The problem of this research was specified by answer for the question that deal for size of consciousness at the ministry of interior for import of&nbs

In light of increasing demand for energy consumption due to life complexity and its requirements, which reflected on architecture in type and size, Environmental challenges have emerged in the need to reduce emissions and power consumption within the construction sector. Which urged designers to improve the environmental performance of buildings by adopting new design approaches, Invest digital technology to facilitate design decision-making, in short time, effort and cost. Which doesn’t stop at the limits of acceptable efficiency, but extends to the level of (the highest performance), which doesn’t provide by traditional approaches that adopted by researchers and local institutions in their studies and architectural practices, limit

The Mesopotamian soil is muddy and fertile, and so from ancient eras Iraqis used mud in their building, settlements and architecture in different methodologies according to the nature and the function of the building that was either in its pure form or by mixing it with other materials such as straw . also as raw bricks in different ways either for the whale building or parts of it, or for the finishing parts such as roofing for instance. In this research these different forms and methodologies will permeate through out a chosen examples of historical building, rural buildings and settlements and ancient buildings as well as some current uses of mud in the structures and building in standing cities, this in order to conclude some

The present research studies numbers and its uses in the Islamic ornament. The study consists of four chapters; the first is dedicated to the problem of the research, the value of the study, and the aim of the study, and its limit. The problem of the study deals with the uses of numbers in Islamic ornament and how these numbers were used for aesthetic purposes. What are the analytical bases that enable us to read the geometrical compositions ornament numerically? The value of the research is the study forms an analytical and visual study of the numbers in the Islamic ornamentation. Additionally, this study is an aesthetic assessment to the philosophy of the number and its uses in Islamic architecture. The study is limited to the ornament

Abstract

 The issue of inequality in distribution of income and / or consumption expenditure is related to economic welfare because there is an inverse relationship between the economic welfare on the one hand, and the degree of inequality, on the other hand. Despite the fact that inequality is considered as normal phenomenon in every society, but if it exceeded certain limits it will lead to undesirable economic, social and political consequences. Therefore, the availability of indicators about inequality is a necessary tool for planning and evaluation of economic development programs. So, current study is aiming at measuring and analyzing the degree of inequality in distribution of consumpti