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Shapes as an Alternative to the Word in Designing Textbooks: سحر علي سرحان-منى محمد غلام
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Shapes have differed in terms of their temporality, tools, technical variations, aesthetic functions and dimensions. The beginnings started with manual primitive techniques that have played an a significant artistic role in the ancient civilizations, then developed with the technological development and the digital technologies that encompassed various programs and specialist means in the graphic design, so that its visual outputs in the textbook that is considered a communication means that has an effect and attracts the recipient. That is what made the researcher search and investigate this topic describing the research problem as follows: What are the shapes as alternatives to the words in the design of the textbook? The research objective is to identify the shapes in the design of the textbook (the book of reading issued by the directorate of curricula in the ministry of education). The second chapter is dedicated to the theoretical framework which consists of the following sections. The first section (the concept of shape in the design), the artistic styles in employing shapes. The second section (the semiotic dimension for employing the typographical shapes in designing the textbook, the expressive-communicative dimension for employing the shapes). The researcher then dealt with the most important indicators the resulted from the theoretical framework. The third chapter consists of the research procedures, then the analysis of samples. The two researchers analyzed (5) models according to the axes derived from the indicators concluded from the theoretical framework. The fourth chapter is dedicated for presenting and discussing the results as follows:

1- The use of technology in employing the shapes in designing and writing of books and educational curricula led to promoting scientific material that is linked to the essence of the design process in terms of the recipient's visual communication.

2- Shapes have not been employed as a substitute to the word rather as an alternative, in most of the pages and that has appeared in all the samples. As for the conclusions, it included a group: the book pages included shapes of various sizes and colors. Thus the primary school textbooks depend on shapes of various sizes and forms and that has a positive effect on the book aesthetics and the level of influence of the shapes on students (the recipient).

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 10 2024
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Arts
Strategies for Achieving an Equivalent Level of Appellation in Arabic Tourist Texts as Translated into English
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Marketing decisions as an intermediary variable of the nature of the relationship between Environmental Turbulence and marketing effectiveness exploratory study of Carrefour branches in Erbil Governorate
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The organizations, represented by its Management, are working hard in various ways to identify the environmental disturbances that occur in their environment and to investigate and follow up the movement of these disturbances and to respond to them through the decisions they make in an attempt to keep pace with the work and sustainability of their activities, including those decisions, marketing decisions taken by the environmental disturbulence in the market of the organization, the inability of these organizations to read the indicators of these disturbulence correctly displays their marketing effectiveness to vibration and decline in the negative.The current research is based on a fundamental problem that envi

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The contribution of information systems to increase tax revenues: An applied research at the General Commission of Taxes
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The research aims to study the contribution of tax information systems to increase tax revenues, and to identify how efficiently used information systems currently by the tax authority and their effectiveness in the detection of irregularities by the tax payers such as the cleclaration of incorrect statements that do not show real results of their business activities or hide information from sources related to their income subject to tax, which would negatively affect the outcome of tax revenues and thus damage important sourse of the public treasury of the states resources. The data of research was collected by studying and analysing the tax information systems used by the General Commission of taxs and its branches and a number of prac

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 17 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Conditions The chromatography in the design the positions waiting passenger transport buses: مصعب حسن عبد
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running the requirement color important place in object of life activity both public and private, Fallon makes represents energy expressive and aesthetic in designing furniture street, especially (positions waiting buses passenger transport)which took looms large in attention receiver designer also, through civilized development and urban and change the city. Requirement, The positions of waiting progress jobs service and that would interact to produces Photos aesthetic Furniture for space street and understand receiver, affect the operation his life and the development of his environment and his psyche and culture of because they entity variable and sophisticated, impose on us to find foundations a design and conditions of chromatic esp

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Forecasting in international logos' design styles
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Forecasting has become common process and reality. Since man has found multiple forms of simple predictive predictions, fruitful predictive results have emerged, such as weather forecasting or trading on stock exchange. The research was organized by defining the problem, which was manifested by the question:
(What is the prediction in global logo design methods?)
The aim of the research: (revealing design prediction in the methods of global logos). The theoretical framework was: (the concept of prediction in the design of global logos), (methods of global logos), (types of prediction) and then were attached to indicators, results and conclusions, including:
- The color value of international logos came with human needs: a

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 03 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Diabetes In Developing Countries
The efficacy of once-daily liraglutide as an add-on to oral antidiabetic agents on weight reduction and glycemic control in obese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a retrospective analysis in relation to liraglutide dose escalation within a 7-month treatment period
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Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of once-daily liraglutide as an add-on to oral antidiabetics (OADs) on glycemic control and body weight in obese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods A total of 27 obese T2D patients who received 7 months (0.6 mg/day for the first month, 1.2 mg/day for 3 months, and 1.8 mg/day for 3 months) of liraglutide treatment as an add-on to OADs were included. Data on body weight (kg), fasting plasma glucose (FPG, mg/dL), postprandial glucose (PPG, mg/dL), and HbA1c (%), were recorded. Results Liraglutide doses of 1.2 mg/day and 1.8 mg/day were associated with significant decreases in body weight (by 8.0% and 11.9%, respectively, p < 0.01 for each) and HbA1c (by 20.0

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Feature - Based Approach to Automatic Fixturing System Planning For Uniform Polyhedra Workpiece
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This paper demonstrates the design of an algorithm to represent the design stages of fixturing system that serve in increasing the flexibility and automation of fixturing system planning for uniform polyhedral part. This system requires building a manufacturing feature recognition algorithm to present or describe inputs such as (configuration of workpiece) and built database system to represents (production plan and fixturing system exiting) to this algorithm. Also knowledge – base system was building or developed to find the best fixturing analysis (workpiece setup, constraints of workpiece and arrangement the contact on this workpiece) to workpiece.

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Performance Evaluation of Small Scale Air-Conditioning System Using R22 and Alternative Refrigerants
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A mathematical model has been formulated to predict the influence of high outdoor air temperature on the performance of small scale air - conditioning system using R22 and alternative refrigerants R290, R407C, R410A. All refrigerants were investigated in the cooling mode operation. The mathematical model results have been validated with experimental data extracted from split type air conditioner of 2 TR capacity. This entailed the construction of an experimental test rig which consists of four main parts. They are, the refrigeration system, psychrometric test facility, measuring instrumentation, and auxiliary systems. The conditioned air was maintained at 25 0C dry bulb and 19 0C wet bulb for all tests. The outdoor ambient air temperatur

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency of Broccoli Cultivated Hydroponically on Alternative Solution ABEER
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Abstract<p>A Field experiment was conducted in Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriah during fall 2019-2020 to study nutrient and water use efficiency of broccoli cultivated hydroponically on alternative solution ABEER. Nested design with three replications adopted in the experiment, each of them included in main plot the first factor, which is gas enrichment (O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>), Then levels of second factor were randomly distributed within each replicate, which included spraying with plants extracts which was Moringa leaves extract and Coconut water at two concentrations 2, 4 %and 5</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Reuse of Glass waste as a partial replacement to fine aggregates in concrete
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As human societies grow, the problem of waste management becomes one of the pressing issues that need to be addressed. Recycling and reuse of waste are effective waste management measures that prevent pollution and conserve natural resources. In this study, the possibility of using glass waste as an alternative was used as a partial weight substitute for fine aggregates with replacement ratios of 10, 20, 30, and 40% by the weight, and formed into test models (15 cm * 15 cm ) cube and (15 cm * 30 cm) cylinder, then matured and tested their strength compression and tensile strength at the age of 7 and 28 days and compared with a reference or conventional concrete with a mixing ratio (1: 1.5: 3) as well as testing its worka

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