Urbanization can not be seen as a modern phenomenon. It has led people to live and live in cities for thousands of years. It should be noted here that the oldest villages and large cities have emerged after the crystallization of civilization, that the emergence of cities was one of the phenomena of civilization. There is no doubt that the cities after the emergence has contributed to the development of civilization effective contribution. There has been a civilizational progress when the man practiced agriculture and used metal tools and invented the wheels and went to write in the New Stone Age. In this period, many changes in the field have taken place in economic, cultural and social life. In the economic and cultural aspect, this tr

Abstract

Toady technology Nano since it launched human Alivia third interest and anticipation unusual and that by the decision-makers in the world's governments and its institutions and research departments productivity, especially after the US Congress enact a law (the National Initiative for Tknlojba nanotechnology in the United States of America) and the allocation of large sums of money To support this initiative, the research aims to shed light on the concept of technology nanotechnology, which is technology atheist and the twentieth century, and reflect its economic importance and in order to reach the objectives of the research has been the division of research into several axes has been allocated

This work, in fact, is an English language teaching study (henceforth, ELT) which may provide the inspiration for much –needed research on issues such as testing students' level of achievement in articulatory phonetics at the university level. It attempts to answer two questions: 1)What is college students' level of achievement in articulatory phonetics? 2- Are there any statistical significant differences in the achievement of college students in articulatory phonetics between the production and recognition testing techniques? This research falls into three sections: Section one indicates the problem, the aims, the hypotheses, the procedures, the limits and the value of the study. Section two provides a general overview of the articul

Materials with external dimensions of one or more nanometers are referred to as nanomaterials. These structures result from a number of manufacturing processes. They are used in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, which is the most significant one. Numerous variables, including size, shape, surface morphology, crystallinity, solubility, etc., affect physical properties. While new physical and chemical processes are being created constantly, the biological method is the ideal strategy for synthesizing nanoparticles since it is straightforward, safe, and economical. Different kinds of nanoparticles can be metabolically synthesized by a wide variety of biological sources, including plants, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. There are

Time is an essential element of contracts، as there is an independent in many parts of each contract، but the time dimension has a significant impact on the provisions of all contracts and is not limited to a particular range of contracts، and French and Arab jurists alike have called for this dimension to be given special attention، and as a result the French legislator has introduced the term duration of the contract، to try to limit the temporal elements، to clarify their provisions and to distinguish between them in decree131/2 016، but for our Arab country it did not receive the appropriate answer. The problem of duration in contracts relates to the lack of clarity of the idea، and then to confuse the various time terms in the

Receipt date:12/15/2020   accepted date:12/29/2020  Publication date: 12/31/2021

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The study aims to review the division between Fateh and Hamas between 2006 -2007 based primarily on the documents and statements that have been announced in various media, through a review of the course of events after the Palestinian elections of 2006, which resulted in the victory of Hamas, indicating the course division, and the position of each of