Abstract
The main question raised in this paper is: Is it possible to translate the ‘genre’
of Quran? And if this ‘genre’ is Quran specific, a ‘genre’ of its own, i.e. a unique one,
how can the Quranic text be translated from Arabic into English or any other
language? This question has been raising a lot of controversy among translation
theorists, linguists, philosophers and scholars of Islam and specialists in the sciences
of Arabic language let alone Quran exegetes. Scholars of the Arabic language and
scholars of Islam have argued that because of the genre of Quran is the genre of (ijaz),
translatability can never be possible. Equivalence, thus, cannot be achieved especially
if we know that so far there has been no unanimous definition of the term.
Therefore, what translators of the Quranic text are involved with is transferring
meaning of the Quranic text. But meaning (content) is encapsulated in the Form
which is distinctly and uniquely rhetorical in Quran. In other words, such an
inextricable content-form relationship should make the process of transferring
meaning not an easy one at all, especially as we know that the Quranic text is sacred
and sensitive.
Thus, the periphrastic way which has already been put forward by Raof
(2001: 6) can be seen as a convenient solution to achieve a degree of approximation
between the source text and the target text.
Having supported the notion of approximation, I opted to choose certain
verses with certain syntactic and lexical aspects from the Quran. The point is to
compare three versions of translations of each verse to see which version is most
approximate to the Quranic text of the verse. The three versions are by Abdullah
Yusuf Ali (non Arab Moslem), Marmaduke Pickthall ( a British national who
converted to Islam) and Ahl-lul-Bait institution ( a Moslem Assembly with Arabic as
mother tongue).
To support my argument, I relied on Al-Mezan Fi-Tafseer Al-Quran (Al-
Mezan Exegesis) by the Moslem scholar Mohammed Hussein Tabatabae (2006) and
the authentic monolingual Arabic Dictionary Lisan Al-Arab (Ibn Manzur: 2005 ed.4).
One main conclusion made in this paper is that the task of translating the meaning of
Quran cannot be rightfully carried out by translators on individual basis. Rather, it
must be institutionalized. There is a need for setting up a special institution entrusted
with such a meticulous job.
The current researsh is aimed to pay attention on concept of human resources hard (Difficult) to manage. Such style of human resourcses has emerged to form anew challenge for busniess organizations.
Management such human resources entails first determing incentives of their behaviour models. Analyzing these models will be important to strategical management of them from work.
In nutshell, this researsh try to recommendation of contemporary literature about future of difficult (hard) human resources management.
This research addresses a problem manifested in a main question: what is the role of the digital media in marketing the artistic products? in order to determine the role played by the digital media in the disclosure and promotion of the artistic product, its price and places of distribution, as the basic elements of the marketing mixture.
This is a descriptive research in which the researcher used the survey method to check the opinions of a sample chosen according to the (proportion) method from the research community represented by instructors and students of the college of Fine Arts- University of Dayala.
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It could be said that the essence of the “quota” is the state’s intervene as external power in bringing positive change for the benefit of the disadvantaged women and cultural minorities, and from the perspective that compensatory justice requires dealing differently with the different parties culturally and economically for the benefit of those deprived of them. Practicing of quotas merely, does not mean the full achievement of equality between cultural and sexual components in general, but it’s a big leap towards achieving this crucial goal, since the latter necessarily requires a range of legal and non-legal mechanisms aimed at empowering women and expanding their capabilities as a whole. On the other hand, in the absence of a
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Performance measurement is considered one of the most important issues in
Measuring performance effectiveness in the educational institutions by maintaining balance among quantity measurable factors. They can be financial or non‐financial factors. Consequently they reflect decisive factors in the success of educational institutions and determining suitable standards and dimensions for their activities and giving it proportional importance. Adopting the idea of Balanced Score Card as one of the modern administrative techniques and methods by educational institutions assists in the development of administrative work, adjusting the performance in addition to achieving comprehensive standard and development of educational universit
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The global challenges of contemporary facing societies urge to seek and move to adopt the style conscious in the face of these challenges and work on the investment of human resources and energies humanitarian efficient and effective for the development of the institutional and Management and make it more efficient and effective and meets the requirements and keep pace with global developments , and more aspects of managerial aim is Total Quality Management , as it has become thanks to the sheer amount and large accelerated technical developments and information and communication technologies , which feature of this era , and in the field of education , the charge of it are seeking through the application of total quality management to b
... Show MoreThis Study is concerned with The Fast communications in the wars of arab moslims until the middle of fourth century . it pointed to many communications for that , Like using the fast horses , and carrier pigeon , Almanader (Almanawin) wich used to tell for long distances , and drums , trumpets…
To evaluate the toxicity of benzalkonium chloride in aquaculture, the hemato-serological indices of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus are used as biomarkers. Following exposure to three concentrations of benzalkonium chloride BAC 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/l (BAC1,2,3 and 4) in aquaria for two durations 21 and 42 days, the microbiological assay in fish aquaria, in addition to blood parameters were assessed. Except for the mean difference between BAC2 and BAC3 (P > 0.05) at 42 days, the mean values of the bacterial counts revealed a significant difference between all compared groups (0.05 ≥ P ≤ 0.01). Following exposure to the lower concentrations of BAC (1, 2 and 3), the main blood parameters of Oreochromis niloticus namely red bl
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Current study was Based on the variables interact with each other to form a general framework of the pricing of banking services, and the role of profitability in the banking activity, because profit is the most important goal of commercial banks, that included the study United Bank, North Bank and Bank of Baghdad, and the each formation of bank were was collected about the prices (Iraqi dinar and the U.S. dollar) and interest percentages and then revenue (Iraqi Dinars) through banking channels, and each channel service included a group of well-known banking operations.
The study found that the effect of prices, and interest on profitability and clear. There have been a correlation between the rates, and interes
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The great scientific progress has led to widespread Information as information accumulates in large databases is important in trying to revise and compile this vast amount of data and, where its purpose to extract hidden information or classified data under their relations with each other in order to take advantage of them for technical purposes.
And work with data mining (DM) is appropriate in this area because of the importance of research in the (K-Means) algorithm for clustering data in fact applied with effect can be observed in variables by changing the sample size (n) and the number of clusters (K)
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Taken the word the word God itself the task when the Muslim calligraphers because of its holiness and majesty and altitude, so take Calligraphers innovate in their design, which represents the images and forms experiencing them prolific artistic output to highlight the aesthetic value through the use of Kufic script which is one of the most prominent lines his susceptibility diversity decorative Add the possibility of extending the letters in different directions because of the vision calligrapher aesthetic and an investigation is required for the word of the design, so the researcher examined by dividing into four chapters,Was the first research problem and the importance and goals and identify the term, while the second chapter was div
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