The utilisation of carbon fibre–reinforced polymers (CFRPs) has emerged as a promising method for enhancing the flexural performance of reinforced-concrete (RC) bridges. While extensive research has been conducted on CFRP systems implemented on flat soffit RC beams, further work is required to assess their effectiveness when applied to concavely curved soffit RC members. This paper uses finite element simulations to extend an experimental database on RC beams with curved soffits ranging from 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm/m strengthened using externally bonded FRP. Parametric studies into four different concrete strengths ranging from 25, 35, 48, 57 MPa and additional degrees of soffit curvature up to 50 mm/m were used to generate a total of

The study focused on the treatment of real oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad field affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq) using an oil skimming process followed by a coagulation/flocculation process for zero liquid discharge system applications. Belt type oil skimmer was utilized for evaluating the process efficiency with various operating conditions such as temperature (17-40 °C) and time (0.5-2.5 hr.). Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant and polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant was used to investigate the performance of the coagulation/flocculation process with PAC dosage (5-90 ppm) and pH (5-10) as operating conditions. In the skimming process, the oil content, COD, turbidity, and TSS decreased with an increase in tempera

The problem of slow learning in primary schools’ pupils is not a local or private one. It is also not related to a certain society other than others or has any relation to a particular culture, it is rather an international problem of global nature. It is one of the well-recognized issues in education field. Additionally, it is regarded as one of the old difficulties to which ancient people gave attention. It is discovered through the process of observing human behaviour and attempting to explain and predict it.
Through the work of the two researchers via frequent visits to primary schools that include special classes for slow learning pupils, in addition to the fact that one of the researcher has a child with slow learning issue, t

Two new organotin(IV) complexes Me2Snesc (C1) and Bu2Snesc (C2) have been synthesised from the reaction of the corresponding organotin(IV) chloride with the Schiff base ligand 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-4-ethylsemicarbazone (H2esc). The ligand was prepared in two steps. The first step includes the formation of 4-ethylsemicarbazide, which then reacted with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde to give the title ligand. Complex formation between the organotin(IV) moiety and the anionic form of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehy-4-ethylsemicarbazone occurred through the o-dihydroxy positions. The ligand and its complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectroscopy. Accordingly, the complexes were proposed to have tetrahedr

The problem of Bi-level programming is to reduce or maximize the function of the target by having another target function within the constraints. This problem has received a great deal of attention in the programming community due to the proliferation of applications and the use of evolutionary algorithms in addressing this kind of problem. Two non-linear bi-level programming methods are used in this paper. The goal is to achieve the optimal solution through the simulation method using the Monte Carlo method using different small and large sample sizes. The research reached the Branch Bound algorithm was preferred in solving the problem of non-linear two-level programming this is because the results were better.

      In this research, the nonparametric technique has been presented to estimate the time-varying coefficients functions for the longitudinal balanced data that characterized by observations obtained through (n) from the independent subjects, each one of them is measured repeatedly by group of  specific time points (m). Although the measurements are independent among the different subjects; they are mostly connected within each subject and the applied techniques is the Local Linear kernel LLPK technique. To avoid the problems of dimensionality, and thick computation, the two-steps method has been used to estimate the coefficients functions by using the two former technique. Since, the two-