Lying is a controversial issue as it is closely related to one's intended meaning to achieve certain pragmatic functions. The use of lying in literary works is closely related to the characters’ pragmatic functions as in the case of Miller's The Crucible where it is used as a deceptive complex phenomenon that cannot be observed out of context. That is, the use of lying as a deceptive phenomenon represents a violation to Grices's Maxims. Thus, the study aims to qualitatively examine the kinds of maxims being violated, the kinds of violations conducted, the strategies followed in the violations, and the pragmatic functions behind such violations across the different categories of lies. To this end, the (30) extracts found in Miller's The Crucible have been all examined following Grice's (1975/1978) Cooperative Principle and Implicature theories. The analysis has revealed that the quality maxim was breached most of the time with a percentage of (96,6~97%), covert violation occupied (66,6~67%) (the same percentages of both prototypical lies and Intentional Deceptive Lies), fabrication was with (83%) and the pragmatic function ''to avoid punishment'' appears with (46,6~47%). This means that truthfulness was violated beside other maxims, and strategies of fabrication. Such a violation enhances lying, and false-implicature, and intensifies the tragic end for most of the innocent characters. Minor lies are slightly concerned with plot development and events escalation. Finally, the characters lie in order to achieve certain pragmatic functions. However, the most dominant function adopted when lying was to avoid punishment.
المنافسة التجارية في التشريع العراقي
يتفق معظم العلماء على اهمية الرأي العام في کل الازمنه والامکنة کلها، لکل ناس حکام ومحکومون افراد وجماعات فهو يشکل قوة ضغط على تلک الانظمة والحکومات وان کانت تلک القضايا لها مساس بمصالح الناس ومدى تاثيرها على الانظمة في اتخاذ القرارات من خلال الاحکام التي تصدرها الناس. والبحث هنا يتناول الرأي العام بمفهوم الحرية الممنوحة لهم وان کانت مدة الدراسة لا تتناول المفهوم بذاته ولکن يعبر عنه بمفاهيم مثل ارادة ال
... Show MoreŞiiri şiir yapan öğlerin başında imge (hayal, tasavvur, imaj) gelir. İmgesiz şiir düşünülmez. İmge nedir?
İmge duyuyla elde edilen güzelliklerin, deneyimin dil aracıyla ortaya konulmasıdır. Şiiri şiir yapan sadece içeriği değil. Sunuluşu, imgelerin etkili bir biçimde kullanılışı, şairinin bu konudaki yetenek ve ustalığı, insana hitap etmesi, değişimlere açık oluşu, evrenselliği, kalıcılığı, sıra dışı güçlü anlatığına başvuruşu, söz sanatlarından yararlanması, öz anlatım biçimi, kimi zaman alışılmamış bağdaştırmaları bünyesinde barındırması ve sık sık da yinelemeler yardımıyla zengin anlatım aktarımıdır.
Biz bu çalışmamızda şiirde yalnızca imge
The Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers and his pure and pure family, and may the peace and blessings be abundantly
اشكالية النظرية في العلوم السياسية : مساهمة اولية
Los lingüistas no árabes suelen quedar perplejos a la hora de interpretar el fenómeno de Al-ḍdad, −normalmente traducido en español como palabras autoantónimas (1)− en la lengua árabe, en el que los arabistas, y entre ellos los españoles, han quedado sombrosos ante este fenómeno. El jefe del tribunal de la defensa de mi tesis me pidió que le explicara este fenómeno según mi teoría “El esquema básico de la referencia”; pues me dijo que no podía imaginar que una palabra tuviera dos significados opuestos, y en ese momento le expliqué la palabra albayn البين que significa la separación, o la relación o el enlace que comentar
... Show Moreيقف البحث الموسوم (تجربة الاختيار في الشعر الجاهلي وصدر الاسلام)، على العديد من النماذج الشعرية، التي عاش فيها الشاعر العربي تجربة الاختيار في العصر الجاهلي وصدر الاسلام، واتجه البحث الى تحليل العديد من النماذج المختارة من التراث العربي الشعري، وقد وقف البحث على بعض التجارب التي يقع فيها الشاعر في موقف الاختيار. و لذلك كان من المنطق ان يقسم البحث الى مبحثين: فكان الاول منها يقف على (تجربة الاختيار في الشعر
... Show MoreThis paper deals with studying of one of the shrine that buried in Khizran
that had considered one of the ancient cemetery in Baghdad ,it is
Mohammad Basha
the source of Fiqh do not give areal picture for the efforts which have been done for economic system of the taxes But it gives a special ideas about what must be done.