English has for long been one of the most widely used media of communication globally, especially in the Malaysian universities. It has been termed as a Lingua Franca because it is shared with other languages which are considered first languages by different speakers. For this reason, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has attracted a number of researchers to investigate its variety via other languages in various communities. The objective of this paper is therefore to establish the strategies which are employing by the international students at the National University of Malaysia/ UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as an example of one of the Malaysian universities; when they engage in a conversation in their classrooms to avoid the difficulty of understanding the language in the lingua Franca context. UKM has a number of Non-Native English speakers (NNESs), international students who are also multilingual and cannot understand the indigenous Malay, Chinese and Tamil languages. Therefore the mode of teaching and the way they interact with each other becomes hard for them as they try to understand each other despite their origin. This has created a need for a common and international media of communication; which can concluded by the English language. English has been identified as one of the most widely used media of communication among these students. The current article aimed to find out the strategies which employ by the multilingual students at UKM as they try to communicate to each other through conversations and discussions inside the classrooms in the context of being a lingua Franca .This objective is achieved through voice recordings of conversations made between three master students . The data is analyzed using the conversational Analysis (CA) based on Hymes’ 1972 model of speaking.
Ibn Khaldun is one of the best Arab Muslims scientists who participated in establishing Arabic Muslims heritage in all different disciplines & directions specially in sociology, neurological & his political theories which showed the development of Arabic philosophy in all scientific disciplines specially his introduction
أن الامم والشعوب لاتستطيع المحافظة على استمرار وجودها وتقدمها ورقيها، إلابفضل إعداد اجيالها المتعاقبة الاعداد السليم المتكامل ، وبقدر ما تحافظ الامم والشعوب على تربية هذه الاجيال للتمسك بدينها ، ومعتقداتها ، واخلاقها ، بقدر ما تحافظ على بقائها وعلو شأنها ، وكما فطنت الامم والشعوب إلى اهمية تربية اجيالها ، فطن اعداؤها الى ضرورة التخريب في جذور البناء الصحيح لتربية الاجيال ( فاطمة ، 1998، ص2).
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The process of doing many kinds of industries , crafts , professions around Islamic Arabian State , they enable us to say that Arab Muslims over their homelands had been occupied various types of crafts and manufacturing before emergence Islam . Moreover Islam encouraged to work within manufacture field . And These matters were clarified through verses of the Holy Qur’an and honored prophetic guidance ( Sunna ) . Whereas Arab Muslims applied principle “ Free of Business “ . They admitted to different social groups such as pact – fellows people to profession or craft which they desire to work . We have to not forget that Arab Muslims had broken all restraints and shackles which had restricted the worker bef
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The research dealt with the study of animal drawings in the fresco, during the Umayyad period, especially in Qusayr Amra and Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. Many imagesto different animals and birds were found and used in various subjects, most notably the hunting and predation scenes.
In the second millennium BC, the international community change at the ancient Near East, There has been a significant developments with the appearance of five kingdoms (Babylon, Assyria, Mitanni, Egypt, and Hatti) called themselves the (Great Powers) and their kings named (Great King), and Correspondence among themselves on behalf of (the brothers), to differentiate themselves from the small kingdoms Minor of them.
دور المراكز البحثية في الحياة السياسية وصنع القرار السياسي الخارجي الامريكي
The research addresses a pattern of imagery which is regarded a Prominent feature of Abi Tamaam's Poetry (the image of implicit simile) which is based on the hidden signified and the signifier which can be deduced out of context . The investigation requires a study whose proof is based on imagery which is of three types: natural proof , human proof and Quran proof . After handling the realistic structures of this image, the researcher has shifted attention to its types and has dealt with the psychological domain , dividing it in two types: the sensory image and the mental image. The research is directed towards studying the implicit sentence regarding its styles of expression : declarative expression and composition expression . The
... Show Moreيتطلب تحقيق تمايز الوحدة الاقتصادية في ظل استعمال تقنيات الأعمال الحديثة وازدياد المنافسة وعالمية الأعمال ضرورة الاهتمام بمستوى نوعية المنتجات وما تتطلبه هذه النوعية من كلف والتي تسمى بكلف النوعية، إذ ان العديد من الشركات العالمية قد قامت بدراسة وتحليل هذه الكلف ووضع برامج خاصة بها بهدف تخفيضها إلى أدنى حدٍ ممكن وبما يكفل تحقيق العديد من المنافع والتوفيرات في هذه الكلف وبما يرشد عملية اتخاذ القرارات
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Federal Russia remains the central player in the space of post-Soviet Union,
particularly in the regions of Middle Asia and the Caucasus , which set standard for
the local transformations of the two regions.
The Russian concern continued about the shift of power in the
world, as long as Russia is concerned with limiting the action of the United States
in the area in which Russia sees as vital area to its national interests. Russia's
nationalists play a main role in reviving Russia's influence in Middle Asia as a vital
area and the natural ally of Russia, but without resorting to the old ways of using
the threat of military force.
The idea of the return of Russia as a superpower in the global arena in
Middle
The book of Alphendidad is considered as an important part of the holy book of
Avesta in the Zoroastrian religion. It is a religious and urbanization book that consists of a
number of chapters dealing with the creation. The book includes 22 chapters, mostly edited
as a dialogue between Ahuaramzda the god of goodness and his prophet Zoroaster. The
biggest chapter deals with the rules of purification of vices of the devil and dismissing it of
the places around, hence it is the book of law of Zoroastrian about the important animals,
birds , insects, and reptiles and their categorization according to their creation; creatures of
the spirit of goodness and creatures of the spirit of evilness.
Some of these creatures ar