Reading strategies are of interest for what they reveal about the ways readers manage their interaction with written texts and how these strategies are related to text understanding, acquisition ,storage ,and retrieval of information .In EFL comprehension lessons, the students try to work out interpretations of the meaning related to the written word through the usage of different comprehension strategies. Yet, there are moments where the participants in the classroom fail to reach a successful understanding of the passage read despite the guidance of the teacher. The present research aims at investigating and identifying moments of comprehension failure and reasons behind them .It also aims at specifying the different strategies used in terms of type and number of occurrences. It is hypothesized that some students in EFL classrooms fail to understand parts of written texts because they do not use any kind of strategy at particular stages of the comprehension process. The samples selected for the research are the two sections of first year students in the Department of English language, College of Arts and Letters in Cihan University. Each section included 30 students who study comprehension as a basic course ,through their first academic year, in an average of 3 hours per week. Eight comprehension lessons have been recorded and the passages discussed during these lessons , were chosen from the students' text book ‘’Practice & Progress’’ by L.G. Alexander, 1967. The research provides a brief overview of the studies related to the process of reading comprehension .It also illustrates the ways many linguists identified the factors contributing to understanding written texts during the previous years. This is followed by mentioning the general strategies that are used by learners of the English language with explanation of their meaning and role in comprehending written texts. Section two presents the analysis of the recorded lessons. Though the discussions of eight passages were recorded, only three of them were included in the research due to shortage of space. Moments of comprehension failure are specified by the letters (CF) with reference to the reason. Types of strategies used during the lessons are identified as well. Finally, it is concluded that the students sometimes fail to grasp the meaning of some lines or parts of a text because they don't use certain strategies .The analysis of the lessons also shows that the strategies that are mostly used by the students, in their attempt to understand what they read, are: using prior knowledge, inferring meaning, questioning, visualizing, and determining importance which are used in sequence and number of occurrences that differ from one text to another .On the other hand, strategies like synthesizing and summarizing are hardly ever used in some texts and never used in others. The research also illustrates the significant role of the teacher that contributes to the students’ critical thinking and understanding of the written text
The aim of the present study is to examine the effectiveness of a proposed unite in voluntary work in enhancing critical thinking skills and the attitudes towards responsible citizenship among eighth grade female students in the Sultanate of Oman. In order to collect the study data, the researchers employed a quasi-experimental research design with twenty female students from Al-Sideeqah bint Al-Sideeq for basic education school. The research data were collected via a critical thinking test that consisted of twenty-five items and a scale of twenty items under three different dimensions, which aimed to measure students' attitudes towards responsible citizenship. The researchers implemented these two instruments as pre- and post the experi
... Show MoreIn the midst of conflicts different intellectual and knowledge of production processes and circulation we need constant search for different levels of Innovation replenished with renewed need to develop solutions to various problems. Amid this conflict comes to mind a question about what salt creative mechanisms act in Graphic Design? Through this research is marked (creative mechanisms act in Graphic Design) strive to find solutions
to this question, as well as cognitive it Sarphi side modern and developmental study to a broader understanding of the subject. And across four seasons, which included the first chapter of the research problem and the need for him, and then came the second chapter includes theoretical framework goal Bemb
Fine art represents part of society's culture. The development of art was accompanied by the penetration of new worlds known as the fourth dimension. After art entered the boundaries of geometry and reduction; He began to break into the absurd, and the form and philosophy of art changed, moving from modernity to what came after it to contemporary. Transforming from a formal form into a symbolic form with philosophical implications linked to the light, audio and kinetic effects as they embody time, the concept became the master of the idea. The research aims to identify the concept of time and its types, then the philosophical concept of time and its reflection on contemporary art, through the analytical study of a selection of contempora
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This study detects the presence of cholesterol in an Iraqi plant named Suaeda baccata Forsk of the family Chenopodiacae, wildly and widely grown in Iraq. The absence of any publication concerning the sterol content of this Suaeda specie, and the industrial importance of cholesterol depending on its role as a precursor in the synthesis of some hormones, like progesterone, acquired this study its value. The investigations revealed the presence of cholesterol that was proved by TLC together with the standard compound cholesterol, and anisaldehyde spray reagent using three different solvent systems, then authenticated by HPLC, in which the reten
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Investing in renewable energies, including biomass, is an important topic in Iraq. Research indicates that there is great potential for renewable energy in Iraq, including biomass, but achieving this great potential requires clear strategies and significant investments. This research sought to determine the amount of biomass energy that can be produced by the residues of eight Iraqi crops: wheat, barley, oats, corn, rice (straw), rice (husk), cotton, and sugar beets. could produce. Calorific value and accessible residue amount were considered to determine the residue's potential for energy. Estimates for 2021 showed that 1,308,516 tons of agricultural residue would be available overall for the eight crops. The two crop
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Background: Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid
derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) that has
anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, anticarcinogenic
and antioxidant effects. It has been used medicinally
to treat liver disorders including acute and chronic
viral hepatitis, toxin/drug induced hepatitis, and
alcoholic liver disease.
Objective: To evaluate the antinociceptive effect of
silymarin in experimental animal model of pain.
Methods: The efficacy and dose response effect of
silymarin (125, 250, and 500mg/kg) were assessed
against control using tail flick test in mice as a model
of nociceptive pain. In this model, all doses of
silymarin were given intraperitoneally 15 min before
immersi
This study aimed to know the concentration of elements content in dairy products. Nine samples collected from the local market in Baghdad, two samples of milk and seven of yoghurt.The results were followed: The ratio of Aluminum In Aluminum cans That is used for storage milk and industrialize yoghurt is about 95.5% ,this ratio is against [1] which said that pureness of Aluminum used in Aluminum cans should not be less than 98-99% . and the ratio of Cadmium reached to 0.001% which is also against [1] which assure that the Aluminum cans should be clean from that element, mean while the concentration of Iron, Copper and Zinc were within the standard level. The highest concentration of Iron was in treatment B2(canon yoghurt)it was 9.95 m
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The historical center cities were exposed to change, which included its social and economical structures, Which led to sweeping changes in land use, causing a change in the result, in urban fabric and the physical structure and therefore to see visual. We have attracted these centers as a result of pressure from urban development and contemporary reflection of the agents of change which have been hit during the late period a development residential newly not sympathize mostly with the content of the historical and at the expense of removing large parts of the urban fabric and replace it with patterns of structural and styles of architecture has not been connected with reality. Which led to the loss of some historical and architec
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