Background: Oral health represents an important base for human well-being; the heath of the body begins from oral cavity. Great deal has been applied to increase knowledge in the field of oral health in order to develop appropriate preventive program. This study was conducted in order to estimate the percentage and severity of dental caries and gingivitis among children attending Preventive Department in Collage of Dentistry, University of Baghdad and to determine dental treatment need for those patients, further more to study the relation of these variables with dental knowledge. Materials and Methods: The study group consists of 163 children with an age ranged from 6 to 14 years, who attended the preventive clinic for the first time to be involved in preventive program. Plaque index and gingival index were applied for examination of dental plaque and gingivitis, dental caries and treatment need was recorded according to criteria described by WHO. Dental knowledge of each child was evaluated by ten questions prepared for this reason. Results: The results showed that caries-experience among permanent teeth represented by DS and DMFS were (3.22 ± 0.31 and 4.09 ± 0.35) respectively, while caries-experience among deciduouse teeth represented by ds and dmfs were (6.79 ± 0.61 and 9.03 ± 0.81) respectively. Analysis of variance (one way ANOVA test-) showed that caries experience among permanent teeth increased with age (P < 0.001), while caries-experience among deciduous teeth decreased with age (P ˂0.001). The majority of studied sample were in need for one surface filling (93%) followed by two or more surface filling (66%). High percentage of children involved in this study had mild accumulation of plaque and mild gingivitis (69.93% and 83.43%) respectively. Evaluation of dental knowledge among those children showed that 67% of them had good dental knowledge (scores ˃5), but weak correlations were recorded between good dental knowledge and caries experience for deciduous teeth(r=0.12, P > 0.05) and for permanent teeth (r=0.22, P<0.05).The same correlation was recorded between dental plaque and dental knowledge (r=0.05, P> 0.05). Conclusion: those children need further motivation and instructions to improve their dental knowledge and to improve their attitude to change their behavior towards further improvement of oral hygiene and oral health.
The goal of this article is to construct fibrewise w-compact (resp. locally w-compact) spaces. Some related results and properties of these concepts will be investigated. Furthermore, we investigate various relationships between these concepts and three classes of fibrewise w-separation axioms.
Empirical equations for estimating thickening time and compressive strength of bentonitic - class "G" cement slurries were derived as a function of water to cement ratio and apparent viscosity (for any ratios). How the presence of such an equations easily extract the thickening time and compressive strength values of the oil field saves time without reference to the untreated control laboratory tests such as pressurized consistometer for thickening time test and Hydraulic Cement Mortars including water bath ( 24 hours ) for compressive strength test those may have more than one day.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder that constitutes a major health problem worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that may infect any nucleated cell. Toxoplasmosis is becoming a worldwide health threat, infecting 30–50% of the world’s human population. The studies that have been undertaken to investigate the link between T. gondii infection and diabetes have shown contradictory fi ndings. This research aimed to look at the possible link between T2DM and T. gondii infection. Methods and Subjects: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach was used to screen for T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in 69 patients with T2DM and 92 seemingly healthy persons as controls. Resul
... Show MoreThe fingerprints are the more utilized biometric feature for person identification and verification. The fingerprint is easy to understand compare to another existing biometric type such as voice, face. It is capable to create a very high recognition rate for human recognition. In this paper the geometric rotation transform is applied on fingerprint image to obtain a new level of features to represent the finger characteristics and to use for personal identification; the local features are used for their ability to reflect the statistical behavior of fingerprint variation at fingerprint image. The proposed fingerprint system contains three main stages, they are: (i) preprocessing, (ii) feature extraction, and (iii) matching. The preprocessi
... Show MoreThe design, synthesis, and characterization of a star shaped 2,4,6-tris-(4`-carboxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine liquid crystalline with columnar discotic mesophase properties establish H-bond interactions with 3,5-dialkoxypyidine were reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds were actually determined by elementary analysis, and FT-IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, and mass spectroscopy. The mesomorphic properties of these mesogens were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscopy (OPM). The synthesized molecules exhibited enantiotropic hexagonal columnar liquid crystal, which depends for the H- bond complex in a 1:3 ratio.
The aim of this paper is to present a weak form of -light functions by using -open set which is -light function, and to offer new concepts of disconnected spaces and totally disconnected spaces. The relation between them have been studied. Also, a new form of -totally disconnected and inversely -totally disconnected function have been defined, some examples and facts was submitted.
The PbSe alloy was prepared in evacuated quarts tubs by the method of melt quenching from element, the PbSe thin films prepared by thermal evaporation method and deposited at different substrate temperature (Ts) =R.T ,373 and 473K . The thin films that deposited at room temperature (R.T=303)K was annealed at temperature, Ta= R.T, 373 and 473K . By depended on D.C conductivity measurements calculated the density of state (DOS), The density of extended state N(Eext) increases with increasing the Ts and Ta, while the density of localized state N(Eloc) is decreased . We investigated the absorption coefficient (?) that measurement from reflection and transmission spectrum result, and the effect of Ts and Ta on it , also we calculated the tai
... Show MoreAn overall mathematical model for copper pipe corrosion in flowing water was derived based on mass transfer fundamentals where we introduced the effects of boundary layer velocity, bulk flow velocity and the surface oxide protective film on the corrosion rate. A set of experiments were conducted in a straight 10mm diameter copper pipe, flow of water include six velocities of maximum value 7.33m/sec at 200C and 350C. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental corrosion rate values were achieved , the agreement reached 92% .
Perennial biofuel and cover crops systems are important for enhancing soil health and can provide numerous soil, agricultural, and environmental benefits. The study objective was to investigate the effects of cover crops and biofuel crops on soil hydraulic properties relative to traditional management for claypan soils. The study site included selected management practices: cover crop (CC) and no cover crop (NC) with corn/soybean rotation, switchgrass (SW), and miscanthus (MI). The CC mixture consisted of cereal rye, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. The research site was located at Bradford Research Center in Missouri, USA, and was implemented on a Mexico silt loam. Intact soil cores (76‐mm diam. by 76‐mm long) were taken from the
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