Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitusand chronic periodontitis hold a close relationship that has been the focus of many researches. Currently there is an appreciation to the role of adipose tissue-derived substances "the adipokines" in immune-inflammatory responses; also, there is an interest in using the simple non-invasive saliva in diagnosing and linking oral and general health problems. The current study aims to determine the periodontal health status in the chronic periodontitis patients with and without poorly or well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, measure the salivary levels of two adipokines "leptin and resistin", pH and flow rate and then correlate between these clinical periodontal, biochemical and physical parameters in each study and control groups. Materials and Methods: Seventy five males were recruited for the study, with an age range of (35-50) years. The subjects were divided into four groups: two non-diabetic groups: one of them with healthy periodontium and systemically healthy (Control, 15 subjects) and the other with chronic periodontitis (20 patients) and two type 2 diabetic groups: well controlled (20 patients) and poorly controlled (20 patients) both of them with chronic periodontitis.Unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected from all of the participants; salivary flow rate and pH were measured and then biochemically analyzed for assessment of resistin and leptin levels.Clinical periodontal parameters included: the plaque index, the gingival index, the bleeding on probing, the probing pocket depth and the clinical attachment level had been recorded for all subjects at four sites per tooth except for the third molars. Results: The results of clinical periodontal examination revealed that the group of chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus had the worst periodontal health status. The biochemical analysis demonstrated that the lowest level of salivary leptin was foundin the chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus group. In addition, the highest level of salivary resistin was demonstrated in chronic periodontitis with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus group. When the salivary flow rate and pH were measured, it was found that they were decreased in the study groups as compared to the control group. A non-significant moderate negative correlation between salivary leptin with pH in the control group was found. While, salivary resistin demonstrated a high significant moderate positive correlation with the gingival index in the non-diabeticchronic periodontitis group and a non-significant moderate negative correlation with salivary flow ratein the control group. Finally, the study found that the correlation between salivary leptin and resistin was non-significant weak negative in each of the study and control groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients have more periodontal tissue destruction and less salivary flow rate than well controlled type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients all of them with chronic periodontitis. Salivary Resistin and Leptin hormones may be useful biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and this will provide better opportunities in early diagnosis, monitoring and efficient management of periodontal diseases and T2DM.
The aim of this paper is to study the frames of Argument of normalization with Israel on the websites of the satellite channels directed in the Arabic language (Al-Alam and Al-Hurra Iraq) channels by analyzing the mechanisms of framing an Argument, The way in which we frame an issue largely determines how that issue will be understood and acted upon، The research adopted the survey method applied to the sites of(Al-
Alam and Al-Hurra) channels, at the period 13 Aug. - 12 Nov. 2020, which included (855) news items, (633) for Al-Alam channel website, and (222) for Alhurra Iraq channel website.
The most important results are: The two channels dependence on the Argument Directed, Al-Alam channel focuses on Islamic and Arab attitudes,
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DBN Rashid, International Journal of English Linguistics, 2019 - Cited by 2
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The systems cooling hybrid solar uses solar collector to convert solar energy into the source of heat for roasting Refrigerant outside of the compressor and this process helps in the transformation of Refrigerant from the gas to a liquid state in two-thirds the top of the condenser instead of two-thirds the bottom of the condenser as in Conventional cooling systems and this in turn reduces the energy necessary to lead the process of cooling. The system cooling hybrid use with a capacity of 1 ton and Refrigerant type R22 and the value of current drawn by the system limits (3.9-4.2A), the same value of electric current calculated by the system are Conventional within this atmosphere of Iraq, and after taking different readings
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Background: Prophylaxis methods are used to mechanically remove plaque and stain from tooth surfaces; such methods give rise to loss of superficial structure and roughen the surface of composites as a result of their abrasive action. This study was done to assess the effect of three polishing systems on surface texture of new anterior composites after storage in artificial saliva. Materials and methods: A total of 40 Giomer and Tetric®N-Ceram composite discs of 12 mm internal diameter and 3mm height were prepared using a specially designed cylindrical mold and were stored in artificial saliva for one month and then samples were divided into four groups according to surface treatment: Group A (control group):10 specimens received no surfa
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