Background: An accurate adaptation of the crown to the finish line is essential to minimize cement dissolution and to preserve periodontium in fixed partial denture cases. An accurate adaptation of crown is possible only when preparation details are captured adequately in the impression and transferred to cast. For these reasons, gingival displacement is necessary to capture subgingival preparation details.The aim of the present study is to measure in vivo the horizontal displacement of the gingival sulcus obtained by using three new cordless retraction materials (Magic Foam Cord®, Racegel and Astringent Retraction Paste) in comparison to medicated retraction cord. Materials and method: Thirty-two patients requiring porcelain fused to metal fixed partial denture for replacement of a missing maxillary posterior tooth (either one of thepremolars or the first molar). The patients are randomly divided into four groups of eight patients each according to the type of gingival retraction material used as follows: Group I: Medicated retraction cord (racemic epinephrine hydrochloride 0.3 ± 0.2 mg per inch of cord, #00), Group II: Magic Foam Cord® (expanding polyvinyl siloxane), Group III: Racegel (25% aluminum chloride gel) and Group IV: Astringent Retraction Paste (15% aluminum chloride paste). Three depth orientation grooves were prepared in the buccal and palatal surfaces of a maxillary premolar parallel with the long axis of the tooth, extending from the middle third to the gingival third with the level of the free gingiva using a flat-ended diamond fissure bur. Impression of the gingival sulcus was then made using monophase polyether impression material (Impregum™ Penta™ Soft, 3M ESPE, Germany), before and after gingival retraction with either of the aforementioned gingival retraction materials. The sulcus width, before and after gingival retraction was measured on the master cast (in µm), after its sectioning longitudinally bucco-palatally at the middle of the prepared grooves using a rotary diamond disc. The measurement carried out by using digital microscope (Dino-Lite)at a magnification of 230X. The horizontal gingival displacement (the distance from the end of each prepared groove to the crest of the gingiva) measured by subtracting the gingival sulcus width after retraction from that before retraction. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the highest mean of horizontal gingival displacement is recorded by Group IV (Astringent Retraction Paste) (250.7900 µm), whereas the lowest mean of horizontal gingival displacement is recorded by Group III (Racegel) (78.0988 µm). One-way ANOVA test showed statistically highly significant differences among groups (p< 0.01). Least Significant Difference test (LSD test) was also used to make multiple comparisons among groups and revealed a statistically highly significant difference between each two groups (p< 0.01). Conclusion: The two new gingival retraction pastes (Astringent Retraction Paste and Magic Foam Cord®) could be used for gingival retraction as alternatives to medicated retraction cord. They offer advantages of simplified placement technique and shorter application time with greater gingival retraction. Meanwhile, the use of Racegel alone is not recommended for gingival retraction since it provides the least gingival displacement.
This research entitled: "Artistic processing of Emotional Scenes in the Narrative Film" deals with how to process and embody those emotional scenes. As there are certain filmic elements that play an effective role in deepening the viewer's sense of the importance of those scenes, and that their presence in the film is necessary and inevitable, and cannot be dispensed because it forms an interconnected connection with the rest of the film's scenes, in addition to its dramatic and aesthetic value in the film in crystallizing the viewer's feelings and integrating him/her into the scene.
The research was divided into four chapters, the first chapter includes: the methodological framework, which represented the research problem, and brin
The current research is concerned with the study of (aesthetic discourse in the significance of commercial advertisement designs), according to a knowledge structure defined by function and creativity, and the main goal is to interpret the reality of forms, their various sources, their essence, meanings, formal relationships, and design ideas in order to achieve the visual goal as a typographic achievement. It arises through the designer’s internal mental intuition to produce shapes based on subjective feelings that refer his preconceptions about those shapes with his feelings to creative formations. Aesthetic discourse is produced from the mind depending on the various symbolic, psychological and social functions, production methods,
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Flexible pavement design and analysis were carried out in the past with semi-experimental methods, using elastic characteristics of pavement layers. Due to the complex interferences between various layers and their time consumption, the traditional pavement analysis, and design methods were replaced with fast and powerful methods including the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM). FEM requires less computational power and is more appropriate for continuous environments. In this study, flexible pavement consisting of 5 layers (surface, binder, base, subbase, and subgrade) had been analyzed using FEM. The ABAQUS (6.14-2) software had been utilized to investigate the influence of the base layer depth on ver
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The anatomical study of the epidermis leaflet for seven species and variety wild belonging to the genus Medicago L. species are: M. constricta Dur., M. coronata L., M. intertexta L., M. intertexta.var. ciliaris L., M. laciniata L., M. lupulina L., M. minima L. and M. sativa L. were studied, The search included epidermis characters and stomatal complexes addition to venation system in leaflets. It is revealed through the study, epidermis leaflet type Amphistomatic (the stomata spread on the upper and lower surface) as well as the presence of three types of stomatal complexes namely: Anisocytic (the guard cells surrounded by three unequal cell size), Anomocytic (not differential from subsidiary cells in epidermis) and Anomotetracytic (four ce
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This work involves hard photon rate production from quark -gluon plasma QGP interaction in heavy ion collision. Using a quantum chromodynamic model to investigate and calculation of photons rate in 𝑐𝑔 → 𝑠𝑔𝛾 system due to strength coupling, photons rate, temperature of system, flavor number and critical. The photons rate production computed using the perturbative strength models for QGP interactions. The strength coupling was function of temperature of system, flavor number and critical temperature. Its influenced by force with temperature of system, its increased with decreased the temperature and vice versa. The strength coupling has used to examine the confinement and deconfinement of quarks in QGP properties and inf
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The ceiling of the midbrain has a couple of optic lobes which are prominent and used as an optic center that reflex what it receives from eye retina fibers. The histology of optic tectum has been studied in Iraqi fish Barbus luteus (Heckel) . It was found that the number of optic tectum were six main strata organized from the outside to the inside as follows : the stratum marginal (SM), the stratum opticum (SO), the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficialis (SFGS), the stratum griseum central (SGC), the stratum album central (SAC), the stratum periventricular (SPV), . the tow last strata consider deep layers on the optic tectum. It was noticed that the superficial strata was the first (SM), while the thickest strata was the four (SGC), whic
... Show MoreThe present study aimed to investigated Giardia duodenalis in cattle in some different areas of Wasit province by using molecular study and verification of the genotype of Giardia duodenalis. Collected one hundred fecal samples from cattle, the result showed that the rate of infection was 83% (100) . DNA was extracted from the 100 positive samples from the cattle then amplified using the special tris-phosphatesomerase gene for genotyping A and B. The result of type A infection was (69%) and (45%) of the genotype B. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotypes of cattle in Wasit province and compare them with previous sources at the NCBI data bank.