Background: Ceramic veneers represent the treatment of choice in minimally invasive esthetic dentistry; one of the critical factors in their long term success is marginal adaptation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the marginal gap of ceramic veneers by using two different fabrication techniques and two different designs of preparation. Material and methods: A typodont maxillary central incisor used in the preparation from which metal dies were fabricated, which were in turn used to make forty stone dies. The dies divided into four experimental groups, each group had ten samples: A1: prepared with butt-joint incisal reduction and restored with IPS e.max CAD, A2: prepared with overlapped incisal reduction and restored with IPS e.max CAD. B1: prepared with butt-joint incisal reduction restored with IPS e.max press. B2: prepared with overlapped incisal reduction and restored with IPS e.max press. The marginal gap was measured with direct view technique using digital microscope at a magnification of 230x. Measurements were recorded for four surfaces for each sample and the maximum value was taken to represent that sample. Results: The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests. These tests revealed highly significant effects of both the preparation design and the technique of fabrication on the marginal gap (p=0.00), with CAD/CAM veneers, group A1 recorded the least marginal gap and pressing group, B2 showed the highest gap values. There was no significant effect of the interaction between the two parameters on the marginal gap. Conclusion: the CAD/CAM veneers with butt joint incisal reduction produced the most accurate margins while the least favorable combination was the pressable ceramic veneers with overlapped incisal reduction.
The study has used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and Arc GIS software, to produce a new map. This map contains a spatial database of the newly constructed buildings, in the area of water resources engineering college, and using the above tool for updating contains the college in any time, also the map and browse all buildings individually or in clustered, for example, browsing geometric data, statistical data and the plans of drawings, and make any necessary changes to these sectors immediately, or in the future, like the expansion of the study halls by constructed a new floor, or add supplements, prepare any electrical to any building, and anything else. The paper also, updates the old Google Earth image, f
... Show MoreIn this research the active volume for a number of solid-state detectors of the type of high-purity germanium (HPGe) crystal was evaluated with different radii and depths using scanning method for diagonal (front) and lateral (side). It has been used for this purpose Monte-Carlo efficiency program after its development by adding a subroutine-program for its (subroutine scanning).Also a program has been written to calculate the stopping power and range for incident charged particle on the detector, in order to determine the exact sufficient energy to stop it inside the detector material. The calculations of our results of efficiency were compared with the results of published efficiency and the comparison is very good in terms of improvin
... Show MoreThe genus of Chrysobothris Eschscholtz, 1829 is one of the most diverse and widespread genera of the family Buprestidae of some 700 described species distributed throughout the world. In Iraq, particularly in the Kurdistan region, about 4 species had been recorded so far, many of these species are sympatric, share larval host plants, and are difficult to reliably separate morphologically. The current study investigates species limits and relationships among the recognized species occurring within the Erbil Province; mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COX I) molecular analysis confirmed the monophyly of two Chrysobothris species, Ch. affinis (Fabricius, 1794) and Ch. chrysostigma (Linnaeus, 1758). Implications of the resultant larval mor
... Show MoreThe study objectives were to 1) explore the real-world experience of hospital pharmacists with the differences in effectiveness safety, and interchangeability between biosimilar medicines and their reference biological counterparts, 2) reveal pharmacist recommendations to enhance the safety of biopharmaceutical medicines in public hospitals.
The study has a mixed-method design where the core component was qualitative (interviews) and the supplemental component was quantitative (adverse drug reaction, ADR, reports). This qualitative component included semi-structured (mostly face-to-face) interviews involving hospital pharmacists from different hospitals with experience with biological or biosimilar medicines. The interviews were c
... Show MoreComputer Aided Designing Tools of Electron Lenses (CADTEL) is a software packages cares about design, compute and plot simultaneously of the objective and projector properties of electron magnetic lenses. The developments in CADTEL software leads to contain a large fields and methods, adding to previous publish in 2013. The current improvement is inserting of some important parameters which are the resolution and focusing parameters. These parameters are angular semi-angle (α), focusing power (β), resolution limit (δ), image rotation (θ), spherical aberration (Cs), defocus (ΔZ), wave aberration (Χwab), depth of field (Dfld), and depth of focus (Dfoc) a
... Show MoreTourism is one of the most important sources of income of economic key countries in the world so are imports of tourism for some countries a source of income is not significant of the total revenues of States. Making those countries, and those countries a destination for visitors, and here should be interest in the Wealth and cultural heritage that distinguishes Islamic countries in general, and Iraq in particular, must be placed specialist studies in all areas for the development of this area of tourism, especially religious tourism to achieve a desired and desired of such research.It is the most important ways to develop tourism in general and religious tourism is of particular publications, advertising, and is important for us in this
... Show MoreMaterial obtained from the demolition of concrete structures and milling of flexible pavements has the highest potential for recyclability. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of hot mix asphalt with the concurrent use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Contents of RAP and RCA were varied from 0% to 50% by fixing the total recycling materials percentage to 50%. Penetration grade 40/50 virgin binder and waste engine oil (WEO) as rejuvenator were used in the present study. A series of tests, such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength test, IDEAL CT, uniaxial compression test, and resilient modulus test, were carried out to assess the performance of
... Show MoreThis study aims to reach the right of governorates that are not organized in a region to impose local legislation, including tax legislation, and the extent of the constitutionality of this legislation and its consistency with constitutional texts and legal rules. The imposition of local taxes finds its constitutional and legal basis in the Iraqi constitution for the year 2005 and the law of governorates not organized in a region.The imposition of local taxes corresponds to the principle of tax legality, which is reflected in the necessity of issuing tax laws from a competent authority, whether this authority is federal, regional or local. Rather, it is sufficient that it be competent
This research deals with the most important grammatical views of the science of the media of the Arab and Andalusian grammar is: Abu Ali al-Shloubini, who filled his name the pages of important grammatical books such as: (singer Al-Labib) Ibn Ibn Hisham, and the book (like and analogues), and (Hama Alhwama) for Suyuti, and other books The task, I have divided my research into the topics: I talked in the first section on his life and his biography and his works, and the second topic: it included his independent opinions and the third section contained the most prominent views selected The fourth and final topic, was his responses to grammarians, and concluded my research with the most prominent findings Research to them, which was the mos
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