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The effect of ER: YAG laser on enamel resistance to caries during orthodontic treatment: An in vitro study
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Background: One common undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of incipient caries lesions around brackets, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. Different methods have been used to prevent demineralization; the recent effort to improve the resistance against the demineralization is by the application of lasers. Materials and method: Thirty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used to test the effect of two energy level of ER-YAG laser on enamel resistance to demineralization. The brackets were bonded on the teeth and all the labial surface excluding 2 mm area gingival to the brackets were painted with acid resistance varnish. Three groups were generated. The first group was the control group (A), with no treatment was performed. In group II (B)and groups III (C); teeth were irradiated by ER-YAG laser of 200, 60 mj energy respectively. All the teeth were individually subjected to acid challenge cycle for 30 days. After debonding longitudinal sections were taken and examined under stereomicroscope. The enamel demineralization evaluation was done by taking the average of three depths at the centre of the artificial lesion. Also the enamel surface was classified by an experienced investigator according to acid etch pattern. Comparisons of the average depth values of the groups were performed with ANOVA and LSD tests. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed that average lesion depth was significantly deeper at the control group than the laser groups, and its significantly deeper in group (B) 200 mj than in group (C) 60 mj, enamel surfaces showed deeper pits and craters than in control group. Conclusions: the decrease in artificial caries lesion depth associated with use of the two laser energy level support the ER-YAG laser as a tool to increase enamel resistance to demineralization and white spot lesion prevention. Key words: Demineralization, ER-YAG, laser.

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 28 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering & Technology
Improvement of Gypsum Soil by Using Polyurethane to Reduce Erosion and Solubility of Irrigation Canals
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The reducing of erosion and the solubility of irrigation canals soils which constructed on gypsum soil is important in civil and water resources engineering. The main problem of gypsum soils is the presence of gypsum which represents one of most complex engineering problems, especially when accompanied by the moving of water which represent dynamic load along the canal. There are several solutions to this problem, in this research “Poly urethane” is used to give the gypsum soil sufficient hardness to reduce the solubility and erosion, after compacting the soil in the canal, percentages of Poly urethane was used to making cover to the soil by mixing percent of soil with Poly urethane, and the ratio was as follows: (5 and 10) % an

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Using of Nuclear Track Detector CR-39 To Measure Depleted Uranium Concentration of Mother's Milk.
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Biological samples of mother's milk were collected from Iraqi southern provinces(Basrah,Messan,al-Muthana,Thikar)and Baghdad province to measure uranium concentration of the samples by using track technique of fission fragments as a result from uranium atom fission with thermal neutrons from neutrons source 24 I Am-Be with activity 16Ci and neutron flux of 5000 n/cm2.s on using nuclear track detector CR-39 It was found that the high percentage of depleted uranium concentration on the samples from Muthana province , which accounted as 4.183ppm therefore the samples was taken from the provinces (Thikar,Basrah,Baghdad),which was accounted the depleted uranium concentration as following (1.243,2.172,2.875) ppm respectively, with appear a small

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Response of green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of Ephestia cautella (walk)eggs
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Results of exposure larvae of the most important predator in the integrated pest management , the green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of fig moth Ephestia cautella eggs showed increasing in the number of consumed prey at decreasing rate of increasing prey density where curve slope consumption decreased gradually until leveling off. These specifications concurred with type II functional response that predators appear towards varied densities of its preys ,that was confirm by logistic regression between the proportion of prey eaten in relation to prey offered . Third larval instars of the predator showed attack rate (a) of 4.85. This was greater than the second larval instar (3.58). Handling time (Th) per

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Assessment of Azotobacter chroococcum’s Ability to Produce Hydrolytic Enzymes and Enhance Growth of Vicia faba
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A. chroococcum isolate was examined for its ability to produce the hydrolytic enzymes chitinase, pectinase, protease, and lipase, in an effort to enhance the growth of fava bean (Vicia faba). Biological experiment was conducted in pots with complete random design (CRD). The experiment includes three treatments: control (plant without treatment) (P), NPK fertilizer (plant + fertilizer) (PF), and A. chroococcum inoculum (plant + A. chroococcum) (PA). These treatments were performed with sterile and non-sterile soil, which were planted with fava beans. At the end of experiment (seven weeks from planting), length and weight of plant shoot and plant root were calculated. The results show that the isolate wa

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Expectations of self-efficiency and its relation to life skills at teachers of secondary schools
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Research aims
1. Measuring expectations of self-efficiency at teachers of secondary schools.
2. Measuring biological skills at teachers of secondary schools.
3. There is no sole or gathering forecasting of forecasting expectations of self-efficiency , may forecasts about biological skills at teachers of secondary schools.
To fulfill aims of the research, the researcher managed measuring of expectations of self-efficiency according to point of view of Bandura for this concept in this research, arranging measure of biological skills according to view of global health, the researcher has made to investigate of truth , constant these two measurements, analyzing statistically their two paragraphs on a sample (460) teachers (males

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 05 2022
Journal Name
Spectroscopy Europe
Raman spectroscopy analysis for monitoring of chemical composition of aspirin after exposure to plasma flame
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A Raman spectroscopy method was optimised to examine the chemical changes of aspirin tablets after interaction with helium temperatures. Several aspirin tablets were exposed to plasma-assisted desorption ionisation flame for different times (10, 30, 50, 60, 180 and 300s) and then analysed by Raman spectroscopy using optimal conditions. The changes in chemistry between exposed and fresh (without exposure to plasma) tablets were compared. The vibrational peaks of the aspirin molecule in the Raman spectrum were identified by checking the peak position. The results showed clear spectra with increases in intensity of vibrational peaks until 30s, whereas no spectra were measured for the exposed tablets to plasma flame after 50s. It can, the

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Feb 27 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A New Method in Feature Selection based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Domain Adaptation
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    In data mining and machine learning methods, it is traditionally assumed that training data, test data, and the data that will be processed in the future, should have the same feature space distribution. This is a condition that will not happen in the real world. In order to overcome this challenge, domain adaptation-based methods are used. One of the existing challenges in domain adaptation-based methods is to select the most efficient features so that they can also show the most efficiency in the destination database. In this paper, a new feature selection method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. In the proposed method, in order to select the best and most appropriate features, the essential policies

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Evaluation of some indicators of urbanization in the city of al-Qaim in the Iraqi province of Anbar
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Urban Balance is one of the important indicators that leads to an assessment of the urbanization process in a particular country  , province or even a city that is multi-centered. By examining  the data related to Anba  province, it was found that the value of this indicator is equal to 0.96, which is less than the absolute one, and therefore the urbanization in the province is distributed collectively  

The development of a mathematical or statistical model for estimating urban growth is a complex process due to the overlap between indicators or variables that can be adopted to calculate estimate growth rates Al-Qaim city has been considered as an example to develop a statistical method by which changes

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On Additivity of Jordan Higher Mappings on Generalized Matrix Algebras
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In this article, the additivity of higher multiplicative mappings, i.e., Jordan mappings, on generalized matrix algebras are studied. Also, the definition of Jordan higher triple product homomorphism is introduced and its additivity on generalized matrix algebras is studied.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
SYNTHESISAND STUDY OF THE COMPLEXES OF: N-(3,4,5-TRIMETHOXY PHENYL)-N- BENZOYL THIOUREA (TMPBT) WITH A NUMBER OF TRANSITION METALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE: SYNTHESISAND STUDY OF THE COMPLEXES OF: N-(3,4,5-TRIMETHOXY PHENYL)-N- BENZOYL THIOUREA (TMPBT) WITH A NUMBER OF TRANSITION METALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE
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This paper performance for preparation and identification of six new complexes of a number of transition metals Cr (lII), Mn (I1), Fe (l), Co (II), Ni (I1), Cu (Il) with: N - (3,4,5-Trimethoxy phenyl-N - benzoyl Thiourea (TMPBT) as a bidentet ligand. The prepared complexes have been characterized, identified on the basis of elemental analysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, molar conductivity, molar-ratio ,pH effect study, I. Rand UV spectra studies. The complexes have the structural formula ML2X3 for Cr (III), Fe (III), and ML2X2 for Mn (II), Ni (II), and MLX2 for Co (Il) , Cu (Il).

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