Background: The bonded orthodontic retainer constructed from multistrand wire and composite is an efficient esthetic retainer, which can be maintained long-term. Clinical failures of bonded orthodontic retainers, most commonly at the wire/composite interface, have been reported. This in vitro investigation aimed to evaluate the tensile forces of selected multistrand wires and composite materials that are available for use in the construction of bonded fixed retainers. Materials and Methods: The study sample includes 120 wires with three types of retainer wires (3 braided strands\ Orthotechnology, 8 braided strands\ G&H Orthodontics, 6 coaxial strands\ Orthoclassic wires), two types of adhesive (flowable\ Orthotechnology, non flowable\ G&H Orthodontics composites) and two thickness of the adhesive (1mm, 2mm). The samples were prepared for each composite in which a wire was embedded; then the composite was light cured for 40 seconds and the specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C in the incubator for 24 hours. The ends of the wire were drawn up and tensile force was applied through Tinius-Olsen universal testing machine until the resin failed and the results were recorded in Newton (N). Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was a highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) among the mean values of tensile forces of the three types of retainer wires in each thickness of composite with exception of a non significant difference (P > 0.05) between (3 braided) and (8 braided) and a non significant difference (P > 0.05) between (3 braided) and (6 coaxial) in both thickness of composite, a highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the two thickness of both composite types in each wire type and a highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the two types of composite in each wire type of both thickness of composite. Conclusion: The result of this study revealed that the 8 braided strands retainer wire shows the highest values of tensile force among the tested retainer wires, the non flowable composite demonstrates a higher tensile force than the flowable composite and increasing the thickness of composite overlying the wire increased the force required to detach the wire from the composite.
Background: with the advent of new postmaterial in dentistry, it has become important to measure fitness of post restoration along the horizontal plane of the root space.This study aimed to measure and compare, the cement film thickness of conventional zinc phosphate cement in micrometer between the post and root dentin along horizontal plane at different post space regions (coronal, middle and apical) of four types of posts, by using stereomicroscopy. Material and methods: Thirty-two extracted human maxillary canines, mandibular canines and maxillary central incisors (n=32) were instrumented with ProTaper system files (hand use) and obturated with gutta-percha for ProTaper and AH26® root canal sealer. After 24hrs of incubation at 37ºC, p
... Show MoreThe health care industry is witnessing an increasing trend in the use of generic medicines because of their presumed low cost compared with innovator medicines. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the performance of the copy drug Osveral®and its innovator drug deferasirox (Exjade®).
A prospective observational study including 223 patients receiving the branded medicine Exjade®and 101 patients receiving the copy Osveral®was carried out. Data were assessed for a 1-year period and included clinical symptoms, serum ferrit
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Objective:This study involved synthesis of a new series of different five-membered heterocyclic derivatives, testing their antioxidant activity, and examining their potential in vitro antimicrobial agents. Methods: The synthesis of the derivatives involved a three-step process. Initially, succinyl chloride was reacted with methanol, followed by a reaction with 80% hydrazine hydrate through a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism, resulting in the formation of succinohydrazide (I). This compound was then employed as a precursor for the synthesis of Schiff bases (II), and (III) by reacting it with m-nitro benzaldehyde and p-nitro benzaldehyde. Following this, a ring closure reaction was applied using thioglycolic acid, glycolic acid,
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Background: Thermocycling simulates the temperature dynamics in the oral environment. This in vitro study done to measure and compare the effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of stainless steel and sapphire brackets bonded to human enamel teeth using light cured orthodontic adhesive and debonded at various time, and to measure adhesive remnant index after debonding. Materials and Methods: one-hundred-twenty extracted upper first premolars for orthodontic reason were used in this study; depending on weather thermocycled or not, the sample was divided into two main groups, then within each group 30 teeth were used for stainless-steel brackets (Bionic®) and for sapphire brackets (Pure®). Both groups were subdivided into three
... Show MoreThe research aims to shed light on the possibility of measuring the intellectual capital in the Iraqi insurance company using accounting models, as well as disclosing it in the financial statements of the company, where human capital was measured using the present value factor model for discounted future revenues and the intellectual value-added factor model for measuring structural capital It was also disclosed in the financial statements based on the theory of stakeholders. The research problem lies in the fact that the Iraqi insurance company does not carry out the process of measuring and disclosing the intellectual capital while it is considered an important source for the company’s progress in the labor market recently. T
... Show MoreThe Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams with RPC and Lacing Reinforcement improves compactness and local buckling (web and flange local buckling), vertical shear strength at gross section (web crippling and web yielding at the fillet), and net section ( net vertical shear strength proportioned between the top and bottom tees relative to their areas (Yielding)), horizontal shear strength in web post (Yielding), web post-buckling strength, overall beam flexure strength, tee Vierendeel bending moment and lateral-torsional buckling, as a result of steel section encasement. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for seven specimens Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Be
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The anatomic characteristics of the leaves of 22 taxa of Stachys L. representing seven of the currently recognized sections distributed in northern Iraq, were examined. The study did not found any variations in the characteristics of the stomata system of the leaves.Therewere variations with a good taxonomic value in other anatomic characteristics.Thevariations in characters of the mesophyll tissue in S.kurdica var.brevidens Bom ex Bhattacharjeewas bifacial but in S.kurdica var.kurdica Boiss. & Hohen.was unifacial .The study also found that the taxa S.benthamiana Bioss., S.lanigera (Bornm.) Rech.f. andS.kotscyi Bioss. with 3 vascular bundles in the middle vein while the taxa S.ballotiformis Vatke., S.megalodonta Hausskn. &Bo
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Objective(s): To Evaluate Diabetes self –management among patients in Baghdad City and to compare
between these patients self-management relative to the type of the disease.
Methodology: A descriptive design was conducted in Baghdad city, started from November 16th 2017 to the
end of May 17 th 2018 in order to evaluate Diabetes self-management. Purposive (non-probability) sample,
which was consisted of (120) patients who were diagnosed with D.M. The sample is comprised of (60) patient
with diabetes type I and (60) patient with diabetes type II. It is consisted of (60) male and (60) female. A
questionnaire is constructed for the purpose of the study. It is composed of (42) items. Reliability and validity of
the ques
The anatomic characteristics of the leaves of 22 taxa of Stachys L. representing seven of the currently recognized sections distributed in northern Iraq, were examined. The study did not found any variations in the characteristics of the stomata system of the leaves.Therewere variations with a good taxonomic value in other anatomic characteristics.Thevariations in characters of the mesophyll tissue in S.kurdica var.brevidens Bom ex Bhattacharjeewas bifacial but in S.kurdica var.kurdica Boiss. & Hohen.was unifacial .The study also found that the taxa S.benthamiana Bioss., S.lanigera (Bornm.) Rech.f. andS.kotscyi Bioss. with 3 vascular bundles in the middle vein while the taxa S.ballotiformis Vatke., S.megalodonta Hausskn. &Bornm.exP.H.Davis
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Normal thyroid function is essential for neonatal growth and brain development. In a newborn infant with severe disease, endocrine regulation of hormones can be affected by abnormal metabolism. The assessment of thyroid parameters results in the recognition of a dysfunction and its association with disease severity