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The effect of in office bleaching on surface roughness and micro-hardness of newly developed composite materials (In vitro study)
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Background: Alterations in the microhardness and roughness are commonly used to analyze the possible negative effects of bleaching products on restorative materials. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of in-office bleaching (SDI pola office +) on the surface roughness and micro-hardness of four newly developed composite materials (Z350XT –nano-filled, Z250XT-nano-hybrid, Z250-mico-hybrid and Silorane-silorane based). Materials and methods: Eighty circular samples with A3 shading were prepared by using Teflon mold 2mm thickness and 10mm in diameter. 20 samples for each material, 10 samples for base line measurement (surface roughness by using portable profillometer, and micro-hardness by usingDigital Micro Vickers Hardness Tester), and 10 samples for after bleaching measurement. The appropriate bleaching procedure was performed on the top surface of test groups for 90 minutes total bleaching period. Then surface roughness and hardness were tested at the end of the duration. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA, LSD and t-test. Results: There was a highly significant increase in surface roughness of all tested groups after bleaching. There is a highly significant increase in micro-hardness for Z250, there is decrease in Micro-hardness for siloraneand Z250xt and there is a non-significant increase in micro-hardness of Z350xt. Conclusion: bleaching has a negative effect on surface roughness of all the tested materials, as surface roughness increased after bleaching. Micro-hardness is a material dependent, there is different reaction to bleaching depending on the resin, load and size of the fillers used in the materials. Nano-filled composite is the material that has better performance than the other tested materials, as it is the material that has the least affection by bleaching.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Adapting IFRS 15 on Auditing Procedures for Auditors in Iraqi Environment
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The purpose of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 15) is to determine the basis for reporting useful information to the users of financial reports on the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty about revenues and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer. It is based on specific conditions for recognizing revenue from the contract. When the two parties to the contract or one of them fulfil the performance obligations, specifically after the customer has the ability to exercise control over the product or service that is the subject of the contract. As a result of the failure of the revenue reporting requirements in the Iraqi environment to provide adequate and honestly representative information on the o

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effect of Using Reciprocal Teaching on Improving College Students' Achievement in Reading Comprehension
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Reciprocal Teaching is an interactive method that is used to improve reading comprehension. Using this teaching strategy, teachers and students take turns leading discussions regarding sections of text using the four strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying and summarizing. This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of using reciprocal teaching on improving female college students' achievement in reading comprehension. To fulfill the aim of the study, the researcher has adopted two null hypotheses: first, there is no significant difference between the achievement of students' who practice the reciprocal teaching technique and that of students who do not practice it. Second, there is no statistically significant difference

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 06 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of tooth shape ratio on mandibular incisors arrangement in Iraqi adult subjects
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Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of tooth shape ratio on mandibular incisor arrangement. Materials and methods: The sample included dental casts of some dental students and orthodontic patients having Class I dental and skeletal patterns with normal occlusion and severe crowding. The sample was divided into two groups according to the severity of crowding into: group I had Class I normal occlusion with mild or no crowded mandibular dentition and group II had Class I malocclusion with severe crowded mandibular dentition. Each group comprising of 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females). The mesio-distal and facio-lingual crown diameters were measured manually for each cast using modified vernier caliper gauge. Descriptive sta

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 14 2022
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Civil Engineering
Effect of Nozzle Condition and Type in the Spray Quality in Wheat Plants
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of the Interaction between the Use of the Improve Strategy in Teaching Mathematics and Achievement Levels on the Acquisition of Algebraic Concepts and Habits of Mind among Tenth Grade Students in Oman
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The current study aims to investigate the effect of the interaction between the use of the improve strategy in teaching mathematics and the level of academic achievement on the acquisition of algebraic concepts and habits of mind among tenth-grade students in Oman. The study adopted the experimental method, based on a quasi-experimental design with two groups: experimental and control groups and pre-post-measurement. The study sample consisted of (28) 10th-grade students as an experimental group and 26 of 10th-grade students as a control group in Al-Tufail bin Amr School in South Al Batinah. The differences in the pretest and posttest gains were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, ANCOVA, t-test, effect size (eta-square), and two-wa

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
Electro-polymerization of poly eugenol on ti and ti alloy dental implant treatment by micro arc oxidation using as anti-corrosion and anti-microbial
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In this work, electrochemical process was presented to polymerized eugenol on Gr.2 and Gr.5 titanium alloys before and after treated by Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), where Gr.2 is commercial pure titanium and Gr.5 is Ti-6Al-4V dental alloys. The deposited layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adhesion strength of polymeric thin-film was estimation by using pull-off adhesion test and the result was the adhesion strength of PE was (1.23 MPa) on Gr.2 before MAO and increase to (1.98 MPa) on Gr.2 after MAO treatment. The corrosion behavior of Gr.2 and Gr.5 alloy in artificial saliva environment at

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Analytical Study of the Royal-Jelly Effect on Sperms Morphological Characteristics and some Liver Function Parameters and their Correlation with some Antioxidants in Male Albino Rats Treated with Pregabalin Drug
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Abstract<p>In recent years, the consideration of natural products as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative treatments has more interested worldwide. Moreover, natural products are easily obtained and are relatively safe the Royal jelly (RJ) is one of them. The current study was carried to evaluate the effects of pregabalin (PGB) on physiological activity of sperms, reproductive hormones assay and some biochemical analysis. Forty (40) male albino rats (10-weeks-old) were divided into four groups (10 rats each): G1 (treated with PGB drug, 150 mg/kg B.wt (Lyrica-Pfizer-Pharmaceutical Industries), G2 (treated with RJ 1g/kg), G3 (treated with PGB drug and RJ together), and G4 control treated with norma</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 26 2024
Journal Name
Scientific Reports
An in vitro assessment of the residual dentin after using three minimally invasive caries removal techniques
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Abstract<p>To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.001), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. DIAGNOdent pen va</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of the Active Reading Strategy on the Achievement of the Second Year Middle School Students in Biology
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Abstract

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the effective reading strategy on the achievement of second-middle students in biology, as well as the imaginative thinking skills of students. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control to achieve the goal of the research. The current research community identified the second-middle students in the government schools of the Baghdad Education Directorate / Rusafa I for the academic year (2021-2022 AD). The Safina Intermediate School for Girls was chosen to be the research sample in the form of intentionally, two classes were randomly selected from a total of four classes, one of them is experimental and the other is con

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation of PVC composite using reinforced Iraqi Bentoniet clay as a filler & study their mechanical and thermal properties
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In this study , Iraqi Bentonite clay was used as a filler for polyvinyl chloride polymer. Bentonite clay was prepared as a powder for some certain particle size ,followed by calcinations process at (300,700,900) OC ,then milled and sieved. The selected sizes were D ~75 µm and D ~150. After that polyvinyl Al-Cohool solution prepared and used as a coated layer covered the Bentonite powder before applied as a filler ,followed by drying , milling and sieving for limited recommend sizes. polyvinyl chloride solutions were prepared and adding of modified Bentonite power at certain quantities were followed .Sheet of these variables on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared reinforced particular polyvinyl chloride composite

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