Background: The quantity and the quality of available bone, influence the clinical success of dental implants surgery. Cone beam Computed tomography is an established method for acquiring bone images before performing dental implant. Cone beam computed tomography is an essential tool for treatment planning and post-surgical procedure monitoring, by providing highly accurate 3-D images of the patient's anatomy from a single, low-radiation scan which yields high resolution images with favorable accuracy. The aim of study is the Measurement of alveolar bone (height and buccolingual width) and density in the mandible among Iraqi adult subject using CBCT for assessment of dental implant site dimensions. Material and method: The study sample include (60) Iraqi subjects (30 male and 30 females) aged between 20-65 years, sagittal view of Cone beam computed tomography was obtained to measure the height ,width and alveolar bone density of the mandibular anterior area, while coronal view was used to measure the height ,width and alveolar bone density assessment of the mandibular premolar and molar areas. Measurement of mandibular bony height and width was in(mm)and each of the three mandibular areas were represented by seven consecutive measurements for bony height and width and these seven stations were set using an average distance of 2 mm apart while the bone density in Hounsfield unit (HU) with point of measurement represent the mean of density to the area located between the height and buccolingual width. Results:The Statistical analysis of linear measurements of mandibular bone which include the bony height , width and density showed that the mean values of all three measurements are significantly higher in males than females also there was statistically significant difference in the mean bone density of mandibular areas which was highest in anterior area and lowest in the molar area followed by premolar area among both gender, mandibular bony height showed a statistically insignificant very weak negative linear correlation with age in all the three examined mandibular areas while the effect of age on bucolingual width was significantly higher among subjects older than 50 years compared to those younger than 50 years old. Conclusion: The mean bony height was highest in anterior area and lowest in premolar area followed by molar area, while the mean bony width was lowest in anterior area and highest in molar area followed by premolar area , finally the mean bone density was highest in anterior area and lowest in molar area followed by premolar area.
This research aims to study the methods of reduction of dimensions that overcome the problem curse of dimensionality when traditional methods fail to provide a good estimation of the parameters So this problem must be dealt with directly . Two methods were used to solve the problem of high dimensional data, The first method is the non-classical method Slice inverse regression ( SIR ) method and the proposed weight standard Sir (WSIR) method and principal components (PCA) which is the general method used in reducing dimensions, (SIR ) and (PCA) is based on the work of linear combinations of a subset of the original explanatory variables, which may suffer from the problem of heterogeneity and the problem of linear
... Show MoreWarm dark matter (WDM) models offer an attractive alternative to the current cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model. We present a novel method to differentiate between WDM and CDM cosmologies, namely, using weak lensing; this provides a unique probe as it is sensitive to all of the “matter in the beam,” not just dark matter haloes and the galaxies that reside in them, but also the diffuse material between haloes. We compare the weak lensing maps of CDM clusters to those in a WDM model corresponding to a thermally produced 0.5 keV dark matter particle. Our analysis clearly shows that the weak lensing magnification, convergence, and shear distributions can be used to distinguish
Air pollution is one of the important problems facing Iraq. Air pollution is the result of uncontrolled emissions from factories, car exhaust electric generators, and oil refineries and often reaches unacceptable limits by international standards. These pollutants can greatly affect human health and regular population activities. For this reason, there is an urgent need for effective devices to monitor the molecular concentration of air pollutants in cities and urban areas. In this research, an optical system has been built consisting of aHelium-Neonlaser,5mWand at 632.8 nm, a glass cell with a defined size, and a power meter(Gentec-E-model: uno) where a scattering of the laser beam occurs due to air pollution. Two pollutants were examin
... Show MoreSingle cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), also called comet assay, is a rapid and sensitive technique used to analyse DNA Fragmentation Index(DFI). This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in lymphocytes due to ionizing radiation in workers of Al-Tuwaitha nuclear site, which has been used for nuclear activities and contains a potentially significant amount of radioactive waste.The workers in this site are vulnerable to pollution due to a highly polluted environment of ionizing radiation. Blood samples were collected from 36 workerswho were divided into two groups;8 workers without protection and 28workers with protection, in addition to 30 control subjects.Alkaline comet assay was applied for analysis and the result
... Show MoreThe harmonic oscillator (HO) and Gaussian (GS) wave functions within the binary cluster model (BCM) have been employ to investigate the ground state neutron, proton and matter densities as well as the elastic form factors of two- neutron 6He and 16C halo nuclei. The long tail is a property that is clearly revealed in the density of the neutrons since it is found in halo orbits. The existence of a long tail in the neutron density distributions of 6He and 16C indicating that these nuclei have a neutron halo structure. Moreover, the matter rms radii and the reaction cross section (𝜎𝑅 ) of these nuclei have been calculated using the Glauber model.
The city has normal natural state, and the man has a usual movement, change and search for the new .Also, the city has a usual change and transform in its time, place and quality (sizes)structures. The city has a solid memory diving into the past and the future and reflects The real present, and this memory has a timing layers change into real materialistic place making the city has accumulated overlapping circles which is hard to break u , and it broadcasts the lockup timing density ,in which there is no visual record precisely, it is just like((the social record)) that evaluates the un visual relationships between the components and parts of the city (community and form) in a visual quiet exhibition and transform change inside.
... Show MoreThis study proposed control system that has been presented to control the electron lens resistance in order to obtain a stabilized electron lens power. This study will layout the fundamental challenges, hypothetical plan arrangements and development condition for the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) in progress at Fermilab. Thus, an effective automatic gain control (AGC) unit has been introduced which prevents fluctuations in the internal resistance of the electronic lens caused by environmental influences to affect the system's current and power values and keep them in stable amounts. Utilizing this unit has obtained level balanced out system un impacted with electronic lens surrounding natural varieties.
Quality control is an effective statistical tool in the field of controlling the productivity to monitor and confirm the manufactured products to the standard qualities and the certified criteria for some products and services and its main purpose is to cope with the production and industrial development in the business and competitive market. Quality control charts are used to monitor the qualitative properties of the production procedures in addition to detecting the abnormal deviations in the production procedure. The multivariate Kernel Density Estimator control charts method was used which is one of the nonparametric methods that doesn’t require any assumptions regarding the distribution o
... Show MoreA genetic algorithm model coupled with artificial neural network model was developed to find the optimal values of upstream, downstream cutoff lengths, length of floor and length of downstream protection required for a hydraulic structure. These were obtained for a given maximum difference head, depth of impervious layer and degree of anisotropy. The objective function to be minimized was the cost function with relative cost coefficients for the different dimensions obtained. Constraints used were those that satisfy a factor of safety of 2 against uplift pressure failure and 3 against piping failure.
Different cases reaching 1200 were modeled and analyzed using geo-studio modeling, with different values of input variables. The soil wa