Background: The Andrews’ six keys of normal occlusion contribute individually and collectively to the total scheme of occlusion and, therefore, are viewed as essential to successful orthodontic treatment. The present research aims to evaluate the presence of the parameters of the Andrews’ Six Keys of normal occlusion in a sample of 100 Iraqi adults with complete permanent dentition and clinically acceptable normal occlusion (Angle’s Class I) in Baghdad city. Their age range 18-25 years (60 males and 40 females). Materials and methods: Each patient was subjected to clinical examination and then study cast models were made, with their occlusal records. The measuring tools that have been used involved: Three-dimensional goniometer to measure crown angulation and inclination, Interlandi template to measure tooth rotation and digital calliper to measure curve of Spee. Results: The results that were obtained showed that the distribution of Andrews’ six key was achieved as follow: the Interarch relationship (key I) which is composed of seven items was achieved in most of models (72%); the Angulation (key II) was achieved in 67%; the Inclination (key III) was showed in less than half of the sample (41%); the Rotation (key IV) was achieved in 62%; the Interproximal contact (key V) was achieved in 57% and the Curve of Spee (key VI) was achieved in all models (100%). Conclusion: this study found that only 10% of the models presented with all six keys simultaneously. Whereas the higher percentage (34%) was found with four keys and only one model presented with one key (1%).
A water crisis is a circumstance in which a region accessible potable, unpolluted water is less than the requirement of that country. Two converging trends cause water scarcity, that are expanded use of irrigation, and loss of available freshwater supplies. Water scarcity can arise from two mechanisms, the physical water scarcity because of deficient natural water supply to fulfil the country demand, and economic water scarcity due to bad management for sufficient available water resources. This research examines data set as multispectral Landsat 8 satellite images that are detected for Basrah city, located in southern Iraq, and positioned between Kuwait and Iran on the Shatt al-Arab. Such raw data are satellite images. Using ENVI 5.3 softw
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The study aims to reveal the degree of application of the alternative evaluation strategy in social studies in public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also aims to identify the opinions of experts on how to implement this. The study adopted the mixed methodology, which represented in the descriptive-analytical method, and qualitative methods through the grounded theory. The study used two tools namely: a questionnaire for assessments of social studies teachers and semi-structured interview questions. The results of the study showed a medium degree of appreciation for the application of alternative evaluation strategies by social studies teachers in general education with an average of (2.28). The results also showed that ther
... Show MoreThe research discusses the formal transformation in urban structure, all the cities around the world have undergone a series of formal transformations, resulting in radical transformations to their functions. And to calculate this transformation the descriptive analytical method was applied to this research. First, local urban management data and Landsat-9 visual data were used after processing by GIS. Then, the data were processed mathematically based on their engineering sequences. The aims of this research were as follows: to explore the formal transformations in cities, their dimensions and their consequences and impacts; to identify the underlying causes of their occurrence by deriving realistic results from trends in such degrees of t
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IT has its impact on all aspects of life, including its planning and operations. Based on the assumption that the plan can adapt any technique as an analytical tool within broader dimensions to include society in general and meet the requirements of that society. They have neutral values, meaning and usefulness rather than being adopted as abstract goals or objectives so that the planner or the decision-maker can benefit greatly from them. This information technology is summarized in three main axes: First: Geographic Information Systems. Second: computer modeling. Third: visual simulation and the Internet. The problem of research is that the decision-making environment of the plan is surrounded by uncertain information-planning conditio
... Show MoreAbstract Background: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) continues to increase with an increase in the aging population. Palliative care should be integrated into routine disease management for all patients with serious illness, regardless of settings or prognosis. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the level of knowledge of nurses concerning palliative care for patients with heart failure after implementation of instructional program. Design: The study was a quasi-experimental study and consists of 60 nurses. Setting: The study was conducted between17th November 2021, to 10th February 2022, at three teaching hospitals in Baghdad city, Iraq. Method: A non-probability (purposive) sample was utilized, nurses who agreed
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In-situ gelation is a process of gel formation at the site of application, in which a drug product formulation that exists as a liquid has been transformed into a gel upon contact with body fluids. As a drug delivery agent, the in-situ gel has an advantage of providing sustained release of the drug agent. In-situ gelling liquid suppositories using poloxamer 188 (26-30% W/W) as a suppository base with 10% W/W naproxen were prepared, the gelation temperature of these preparations were measured and they were all above the physiological temperature. Additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidin "PVP" ,hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose "HPMC", sodium alginate and sodium chloride were used in concentration ranging from (0.25-1
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Abstract
Objective(s): To evaluate blended learning in nursing education at the Middle Region in Iraq.
Methodology: A descriptive study, using evaluation approach, is conducted to evaluate blended learning in nursing education in Middle Region in Iraq from September 26th, 2021 to March 22nd, 2022. The study is carried out at two Colleges of Nursing at the University of Baghdad and University of Tikrit in Iraq. A convenient, non-probability, sample of (60) undergraduate nursing students is selected. The sample is comprised of (30) student from each college of nursing, Self-report questionnaire is constructed from the literature, for e
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