Background: Many types of instruments and techniques are used in the instrumentation of the root canal system. These instruments and techniques may extrude debris beyond the apical foramen and may cause post-instrumentation complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris resulted by using 4 types of nickel-titanium instruments (WaveOne, TRUShape 3D conforming files, Hyflex CM, and One Shape files) during endodontic instrumentation. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular second premolar with straight canals and a single apex were collected for this study. All teeth were cut to similar lengths. Pre-weighted glass vials were used as collecting containers. Samples were randomly divided into four groups with 10 samples in each group: Group A instrumentation by WaveOne reciprocating file, Group B instrumentation by TRUShape 3D rotating files, Group C instrumentation by Hyflex CM rotating files and Group D instrumentation by One Shape rotating file. A total volume of 7 ml of sodium hypochlorite was used for irrigation in each sample. Apical patency confirmed and maintained by a size #15 K-File. All canals were instrumented up to a size #25. After completion of endodontic instrumentation, vials were then stored in an incubator for 5 days at 68o C for dryness. Then vials are weighted again, and the pre-weight subtracted from the post-weight, the weight difference resembled the amount of apically extruded debris from the apical foramen during root canal instrumentation. Data obtained were statistically analysed by using ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: The results showed that the Hyflex CM Group (C) has statistical significant lowest apically extruded debris as compared to other groups of this study (P ≤0.05), while the TRUShape Group (B) has statistical significant lowest apically extruded debris as compared to One Shape Group (D) and WaveOne Group (A), while the WaveOne Group (A) showed the highest value of apically extruded debris (p ≤0.01). The result showed that all groups resulted in apical extrusion of debris. Significance: Although all systems caused apical extrusion of debris and irrigant, continuous rotary instrumentation was associated with less extrusion as compared with the use of reciprocating file system.
The present study is concerned with the concept of ethics academically. It aims to investigate the major problems that contemporary Iraqi society suffers from; on top of which is the problem of sectarian and religious intolerance. Such a problem has a major role in the emergence of extremism and terrorism. It further destabilizes the security and stability of the country, exposing, as a result, the lives of citizens to the danger of genocide, disintegrating the social structure, stopping the wheel of development, rampant corruption, and deteriorating the political, social, moral and economic situation. Here comes the role of social work as governmental institutions and civil society organizations in curbing this reprehensible phenomenon
... Show MoreGranulation Technique for Gamma Alumina Catalyst Support was employed in inclined disk granulator (IDG), rotary drum granulator (RD) and extrusion – spheronization equipments .Product with wide size range can be produced with only few parameters like rpm of equipment, ratio of binder and angle of inclination. The investigation was conducted for determination the optimum operating conditions in the three above different granulation equipments.
Results reveal that the optimum operating conditions to get maximum granulation occurred at ( speed: 31rpm , Inclination:420 , binder ratio:225,300% ) for the IDG,( speed: 68rpm , Inclination: 12.50 , binder ratio: 300% ) for the RD and ( speed:1200rpm , time of rotation: 1-2min )for the Caleva
Research aims to know the impact beyond the defined in the collection. The research community is the second school students at Baghdad University and a research sample (63) students, the number of experimental group (27) students and a control group (30) students. The researcher was rewarded in variable lifetime for students and educational attainment and educational level of the parents and the educational level of mothers. The researcher has developed a test took the number of paragraphs (20). A test was true after it has been submitted to the Group of arbitrators. The test was consistent with test method used and the reliability coefficient (0, 88). Either the statistical methods used by the researcher are: Pearson correla
... Show MorePrepared zeolite type A was used for theremoval of cesium ions from aqueous solution. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms. Various parameters, such as contact time, zeolite weight, pH, and initial concentration, were studied. The results indicated that the highest removal efficiency was95.53% at (2h time, 0.04 g weight, and pH=6.8). The results also showed that the Freundlic model fits well with the experimental results and is better than the Langmuir model.
Background: Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis (TB) are two major public health problems; Associations between smoking and tuberculosis including death from tuberculosis have been reported , A reduction in smoking could be expected to have a significant impact on TB incidence and prevalence .
Objectives: to assess the effect of smoking on tuberculosis.
Methods: This study was conducted from June 2011 to June 2012 in 200 patients, adult ( aged 17 years and more), newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, at the chest and Respiratory Disease Specialized Center in Baghdad. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, data on smoking, and recurrence of disease were compared. Information on smoking status, tobacco smoking was collecte
The phenomenon of advertising In the poetry of Ali bin Abdul Rahman Balnopi Sicilian
Architecture has evolved through the ages as forms, relationships, materials and mechanisms according to the data of each era and up to the era of digital technology, where the change in proportions and aesthetic dimensions of contemporary architectural formation due to the capabilities of digitization has created innovative plastic properties using the void formation in the facades and the introduction of void as a formative and aesthetic element, which led to The emergence of new creative concepts and ideas that contradict traditional ideas and are consistent with the spirit of the times, led to a revolution in the world of architectural form at the level of (architectural ideas and the generation of shapes, materials and construction
... Show MoreThe Iraqi market for securities in light of financial globalization faces real challenges at the local and international levels, which were reflected in their shadows on the overall economic reality, which imposed the necessity of making fundamental changes in terms of form and content, and from here stems the research problem in the ability of the Iraqi stock market to adapt to the transformations Financial imposed by financial globalization in light of the weakness of the economic structure and its position in the global economy. The research starts from the hypothesis that the Iraqi market for securities in light of financial globalization has an important and significant role in the economic field, through its role in stimula
... Show MoreThe present research aims at identifying the impact of S.N.I.P.S strategy on the achievement of fifth grade students in natural geography
For the purpose of verifying the objective of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean score of experimental group who study according to the (S.N.I.P.S) strategy, and the mean score of control group who study according to the traditional method in the achievement test.
In order to verify the validity of this null hypothesis, the researcher adopted the experimental method. Two groups of (60) fifth grade literary students were collecte
... Show MoreThis research is aiming to find the effective role of the personality characteristics of the Leader in business organization entrepreneurship by studying the effect of the special dimensions of personality characteristics (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, Agreeableness, and conscientiousness) on business organizations entrepreneurship dimensions representing in the two main dimensions (entrepreneurship direction and strategic entrepreneurship) across field study was conducted in thirteen private colleges in Baghdad.
The problem of the research relies in asking the question, is there an effect for Leader personality characteristics on business organizations entrepreneurship. and statistical methods hav
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