Nano TiO₂ thin films on glass substrates were prepared at a constant temperature of (373 K) and base vacuum (10_-3 mbar), by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The effects of different laser energies between (700-1000)mJ on the properties of TiO₂ films was investigated. TiO₂ thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have shown that the polycrystalline TiO₂ prepared at laser energy 1000 mJ. Preparation also includes optical transmittance and absorption measurements as well as measuring the uniformity of the surface of these films. Optimum parameters have been identified for the growth of high-quality TiO₂ films

Numerous tests are recently conducted to assess vibration's role in accelerating the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers. In this work, the enhancement of heat transfer by the effect of transfer vibration and inclination angles on the surface of a double pipe heat exchanger experimentally has been investigated. A data acquisition system is applied to record the data of temperatures, flow rates, and frequencies over the tests. A compound technique was adopted, including the application of a set of inclination angles of (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°) under the effect of frequency of vibration ranging from sub-resonance to over-resonance frequencies. The results showed that the overall heat transfer coefficient enhan

The current study aims to determine the extent of SOMO's interest in strategic alignment operations and whether this interest is sufficient to be reflected in enhancing its organizational reputation. The field of research was in the oil marketing company SOMO. The managers in the top management within this company were targeted and the questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The study population (109), (105) questionnaires were distributed, (94) questionnaires and (11) questionnaires were not retrieved, and the valid questionnaires had reached (91) and the analytical and descriptive approach was used for the study, the current research found to find A direct relationship and a positive effect of strategic

Abstract:
This study is considerated one of many Studies above the standing of
the Islamic Arab nation which was chosen by God from other nations all over
the world . Some of these nations used to come to the Arab nation to take
whatever useful for them from the beginning of history till now . The
researcher deals in this study with a French artist who is well-know as
August Renoir . He traveled to Algeria and lived there . He was
influenced by the Islamic culture.
The study include. from chapter . chapter one deals with the framework of
programming (out line ) . Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework .
It includes five sections. Deals with the Islamic drawings(Arabesque) . section
three deals w

Enhancing asphalt binder performance against anticipated distresses is a critical focus in pavement engineering. This study investigates the synergistic influence of nano titanium dioxide (NT) and nano zinc oxide (NZ) on asphalt binder performance. Nine NT:NZ combinations (1:1 to 3:3) were prepared with 1–3% by binder weight, in addition to a reference binder (RB). The performance test program included; conventional tests (penetration, softening point, viscosity, and ductility), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) for performance grading, Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) for rutting evaluation, and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) for fatigue resistance. Furthermore, Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed to determine the significa

Reinforcing asphalt concrete with polyester fibers considered as an active remedy to alleviate the harmful impact of fatigue deterioration. This study covers the investigation of utilizing two shapes of fibers size, 6.35 mm by 3.00 mm and 12.70 mm by 3.00 mm with mutual concentrations equal to 0.25 %, 0.50 % and 0.75 % by weight of mixture. Composition of asphalt mixture consists of different optimum (40-50) asphalt cement content, 12.50 mm nominal aggregate maximum size with limestone dust as a filler. Following the traditional asphalt cement and aggregate tests, three essential test were carried out on mixtures, namely: Marshall test (105 cylindrical specimens), indirect tensile strength test (21 cylindrical specimens)

Background Bilateral cleft lip deformity is much more difficult to correct than unilateral cleft lip deformity. The complexity of the deformity and the sensitive relationships between the arrangement of the muscles and the characteristics of the external lip necessitate a comprehensive preoperative plan for management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair of bilateral cleft lip using the Byrd modification of the traditional Millard and Manchester methods. A key component of this repair technique is focused on reconstruction of the central tubercle.

Methods Fourteen patients with mean age of 5.7 months presented with bilateral cleft lip deformity and were operated on using a mod

Abstract

The current research aims to examine the effect of the Adi and Shayer model on the achievement of fifth-grade students and their attitudes toward history. To achieve the research objective, the researcher has adopted two null hypotheses. 1) there is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score of students of the experimental group who study the history of Europe and modern American history according to the model of Addie and Shayer, and the average scores of the students of the control group who study the same subjects according to the traditional method in the test of post-achievement. 2) There was no statistically significant difference at the level (

The numerical simulation for the low frequency waves in dusty plasma has been studied. The studying was done by taking two special cases depending on the direction of the propagation of the wave:First, when the propagation is parallel to the magnetic field K//B,this mode is called acoustic mode.Second,when K B this mode is called cyclotron mode.In addition, every one of the two modes divided into two modes depending on the range of the frequency.The Coulomb coupling parameter was studied, with temperature T,density of the dust particles Nd ,and the charge of the particle Qd.The low frequency electrostatic waves in dusty grains were studied. Also, the properties of ion-acoustic waves and ion-cyclotron waves are shown to modify even through

A number of glow discharge experiments has been carried out in a relatively large-volume metallic vacuum chamber containing argon at low pressure and immersed in an inhomogeneous magnetic field generated by a solenoidal coil capable of delivering 2100G. Two Paschen curves demonstrating the dependence of the discharge voltage on sparking parameter Pd and magnetic field strength B were deduced. A graphical correlation showing the behaviour of the voltage difference from the two curves on the ratio B/Pd was constructed. Investigations showed a reduction in the nominal impedance of the discharge device of nearly 20% when B reaches a value of 525G. Plasma confinement regions were found around the internal surface of the chamber at the entranc