Background: Saliva is one of the most important etiological host factors in relation to dental caries. It affects the carious process by its organic and inorganic constituents; in addition to its physiological functions as (flow rate, pH and buffer capacity). The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of major elements (calcium and phosphorus) and trace elements (ferrous iron, nickel, chromium and aluminum) in saliva among a group of adolescent girls, and to explore the relation of these elements, flow rate and pH with dental caries. Material & Methods: The study group consisted of 25 girls with an age of 13-15 years old. Dental caries was diagnosed by both clinical and radiographical examinations following the criteria of D1-4MFS index. Stimulated saliva was collected from patients between 9-11 Am under standarized conditions, and chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of calcium, nickel, chromium and aluminum by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, while salivary phosphorus and ferrous iron were determined by using colorimetric method. The average salivary flow rate was measured from total volume, and salivary pH was determined using digital pH meter. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: All elements measured in saliva in addition to P/Ca ratio recorded statistically non significant correlation with DMFS, except ferrous Fe ions which showed statistically significant correlation (r= 0.34, P=0.05). Salivary flow rate and pH correlated weakly and statistically not significant with DMFS There were weak and statistically not significant correlations between all elements measured in saliva and salivary flow rate and pH. Conclusions: It had been found that Fe, Ni, Al and Cr ions present in very small amounts in saliva in comparison to Ca and P ions. The presence of these elements in saliva may indicate their presence in food, water and air.
God Almighty set out to build mosques, and he commanded to seek their architecture, and the competition for them, and allocate them with types of worship that are not valid in others, and to preserve their sanctity and not to be degraded and taken for mundane purposes and special benefits, because they are considered one of the most prominent features of Islam and the rituals of Islamic society, so this research came to show the rule Sharia in various and contemporary issues that are needed by the imams of the mosques, their rulers, and those responsible for them. Among the issues in which they have examined comparative juristic research and reached the most correct opinion are:
Building mosques over or under buildings and factories i
Those interested in the educational process and lesson management sought to invest the information experience with industrial intelligence and technology because of its importance in increasing the effectiveness of lesson management and developing the creative capabilities of the teacher in directing and managing his lesson. Field research for sports educational institutions that are interested in managing the lesson and preparing mathematical teaching cadres is an important issue and necessary means for identifying the most important phenomena that accompany the process of managing the educational process, as the teacher's success in providing the appropriate conditions to provide rich and influencing experiences in managing and directing
... Show MoreThe international reporting auditor witness rapidly developed over the past years, where profession began give attention to the development of auditor reporting and improve its informational report through the issuance and amendment of some relevant international auditing standards. The reality of the situation refers to the failure to inform the auditor in Iraq in many areas, including: Clearly defined management responsibility for the preparation of financial and auditor's responsibility to express an opinion on these statements and Amendment of opinion when the financial statements as a whole is free from material misstatement based on the evidence is sufficient and appropriate audit, or not to build the auditor's ability to obt
... Show MoreAH Haider R, N Adil A, AW Makram M, AK Abdulkaleq S, 2010
HR Al-Hamami, AA Noaimi, MM Al-Waiz, AS Al-Kabraty, Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2010 - Cited by 4
All - Mighty Allah is beautiful and loves beauty and Man is the only living that is given by the gift of Almighty Allah the ability to awareness of beauty and the taste of everything which recognized by him around all aspects of life.
So the children have more ability than others towards feeling the sense of beauty and the distinction between the beautiful and the ugly understanding , as they are attracted to the beauty , so we should promote and encourage their sense of beauty in future the beauty in behavior , in psychology and in the community, as well.
This is definitely be done through all of
... Show MoreMessage in the tune of readers and denial to those who say infidelity tunes
The design was distinguished in Late Twenty-First Century With new and new methods Through which the ability to adapt all technical media in the formation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional figures and shapes was achieved .
Which led to the emergence of endless sets of design ideas characterized by the heterogeneity of design forms and design solutions that preceded it. The designer could not access these creations in various architectural and artistic fields only through computer programs, especially those related to the activation of mathematical logic and what is known as algorithms in the formation and construction of the form, which led to the emergence of the "parametric direction" and the problem of research is summarized
Knowledge of literature is an integral part of learning any spoken language. Learning literature expands the learner’s ability to understand the language studied. The field of literature is wide and cannot be limited to poems. It includes the etiquettes of a language and its environment, customs, and traditions etc. The Arabic language is among the languages with a centuries old history. It has achieved remarkable record accomplishments since the pre-Islamic era through to the present. This development is clear evidence of the great importance of literature in the revival of the Arabic language through different eras. As such, in Malaysia and other non-Arabic speaking countries, literature is taught in most schools, institutions and un
... Show MorePersuasion is a process studied by many scholars from the Greek time until the present. One persuasion strategy is metadiscourse, which refers to the writers' awareness of their text, the way they present themselves to the readers. The writers use metadiscourse markers to help the readers understand the real meaning of the text (Hyland 2005). The paper carries out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the employment of persuasive metadiscourse markers in two English trade agreements and two Arabic agreements has provided in terms of Hyland's (2005) model of interactive and interactional markers. The aim is to find out whether all types of metadiscourse markers are used or not, and also to see whether English or Arabic employs
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