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A Comparative Study of the Effects of Age and Smoking on Nail Growth Rate in Healthy Individuals
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Background: The nail organ has an important functional and aesthetic importance. Nail Growth Rate (NGR) has attracted the attention of many investigators not only due to the importance of the nail apparatus but also as a tool to reflect health.
Objective: To study the effects of smoking and age on nail growth.
Patients and methods:The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology and the Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad during the period from January 2011 to May 2011.
Nail growth measurement was performed by etching a T – mark on the nail plate of the right and the left thumbs with a wide bore needle. The vertical distance between the point of meeting of the T and the proximal nail fold was measured using (vernier). A second measurement was performed one month later. The difference between the 2 readings was divided by the number of days between the readings to give the NGR.
Results:The NGR was measured in a total of 106 subjects. The subjects were divided into 3 groups:
Group1 (Smoker male subjects): 23 subjects were included in this group. Their ages ranged between 20 and 59 years with a mean of 35.87 +11.72 years. Group 2 (Non-smoker male subjects): 34 subjects were included. Their ages ranged between 13 and 52 years with a mean of 31.76 + 10.16 years.Group 3 (Non-smoker female subjects): 49 subjects were included. Their ages ranged between 8 and 58 years with a mean of 27.49 +11.66 years. NGR measurement in:
Group 1:The mean growth rate in the right thumb was 95.4 + 28.8 microns/day, and for the left thumb was 96 + 34 microns/day.
Group 2:The NGR was 105.6 + 34.35, and 103.4 + 34.24 microns /day, for the right thumb and the left thumb respectively. .
Group 3: The NGR was 100 .5 + 33.52 microns/day for the right thumb and 101.6 + 31.77 microns /day for the left thumb.
Conclusion: Age was inversely correlated with nail growth in right and left thumbs in all groups. The duration of smoking and number of cigarettes was inversely related to nail growth, but it did not reach statistical significance.

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 27 2023
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Clinicopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer in the Iraqi Population Focusing on Age and Early-Onset of Malignancy: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. There are multiple risk factors for CRC, one of which is aging. However, in recent years, CRC has been reported in children. Objective: To describe the main characteristics and symptoms of CRC as well as highlight pathologic data for early-onset CRC. Methods: 79 CRC patients were recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital in the period February–December 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Results: 25 (31.6%) of patients were below 50 years of age. 52 (65.8%) patients had tumors in the colon. The most common symptom is bleeding per rectum in both age groups. There was no significant difference in patholog

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Publication Date
Thu May 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Study of Effect of Diesel Fuel Energy Rate in Duel Fuel on Performance of Compression Ignition Engine
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The aim of this work is to study the effect of diesel fuel percentage on the combustion processes in compression ignition engine using dual – fuel (diesel and LPG).

 The brake thermal efficiency increased with the increase of diesel fuel rate at low loads, and decreased when load increased. To get sufficient operation in engine fueled with dual fuel, it required sufficient flow rate of diesel fuel, if the engine fueled with insufficient diesel fuel erratic operation with miss fire cycles presented.

Dual-fuel operation at part load showed higher specific fuel consumption than straight diesl operation. At full loads, brake specific fuel consumption of duel fuel engine approaches that for diesel fuel values.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
Sabrao Journal Of Breeding And Genetics
PHYTOHORMONES, BIO- AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH AND SECONDARY COMPOUNDS OF CHAMOMILE (MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L.)
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Effect of Obesity on Ovarian Reserve Parameters in midreproductive age Women.
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Background:The initiation and maintenance of reproductive functions are related to an optimal body weight in women. Body weight affectthe ovarian reserve which is basically an estimate of how many oocytes (eggs) are left in the ovaries.
Objective: To study the relationship between obesity and serum and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve in mid-reproductive age women (21- 35 years old).
Patients and method:Twenty participants (“obese”) had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 to 35 Kg/m2 and another 20 participants (“non-obese”) had a BMI20-29 kg/m2. The obese women had a mean age of 27.9 years and the non-obese women had a mean age of29.5 years. Blood samples were collected from all participants, a

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Recantation By The Al-Zaher People And Its Effects in Derivation
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nouns , because deriving these names will lead to eternity which is impossible, and restrict the derivation only in agent nouns from their verbs, and the adjective names from their adjectives with the condition of truth in derivation.
The derivation of “Allah” names was denied due to a creed thoughts, because saying that “Allah” names is derived will not describe the eternal essence of “Allah”, and if it were derived this will make “Allah” is a Compound from his essence and Attributes.
The Al-Zaher people had recant the derivation of the agent nouns by preventing the derivation of “Allah” names because it will make “Allah” is a Compound from his essence and Attributes.
The Al-Zaher people had recant from

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Applied Physics
Effects of Magnetic Field on Growth and Electrical Characteristics of Tornado Gliding Arc Discharge
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This study investigates the characterization and growth dynamics of a Magnetically Stabilized Gliding Arc Discharge (MSGAD) system, generating non-thermal plasma with argon gas under atmospheric pressure and flow rates of 1-5 L/min. The electrical properties and growth patterns concerning gas flow rates and applied voltages were examined utilizing a magnetic field for stability. Using a digital oscilloscope, a correlation between voltage reduction and increased current was uncovered. An algorithm analyzes digital images to compute arc length, area, and volume. Results reveal how gas flow rate and applied voltage directly impact arc growth. Furthermore, the magnetic field's role in guiding and stabilizing the plasma discharge was explored. T

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 07 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Gingival Enlargement Management using Diode Laser 940 nm and Conventional Scalpel Technique (A Comparative Study)
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Diode lasers are becoming popular in periodontal surgery due to their highly absorption by pigments such as melanin and hemoglobin their weak absorption by water and hydroxyapatite makes them safe to be used around dental hard tissues. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of diode laser in performing gingivectomy in comparison to conventional scalpel technique in patients with chronic inflammatory enlargement. Materials and methods: Thirty patients were selected for this study. All of them required surgical treatment of gingival enlargements and were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (treated by scalpel and include sixteen patients) and study group (treated with diode laser 940nm and includ

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Judge's Estimation Power in Giving the Judicial Term in the Execution Case: comparative study
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The judge's estimation power in giving the judicial term in the execution case is represented in the possibility of amending the term of the contract commitment. That term on which both parties agreed to execute the contract commitment at its due date, because at the due date of fulfilling the commitment the debtor is bounded to pay, yet this fulfillment may be exhausting to the debtor, or causing him damage or harm more than that damage caused to the creditor in delaying the fulfillment.                             

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Publication Date
Wed May 24 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Effect of Smoking on Serum Level of Some Mineral
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Cigarette smoke contains a lot of toxic and oxidizing materials which causes body toxicity and reduces antioxidant that results in many diseases. In this study, levels of Zinc and Copper (which are antioxidant) were measured in serum of smokers and nonsmokers. It was found that the level of Zinc in serum of smokers was significantly lower than nonsmokers because nitric oxide which is one of cigarette contents acts to increase zinc loss, also a significantly lower copper levels were found in smokers than nonsmokers due to consumption of copper in reducing cadmium toxicity which is a cigarette smoke content

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Publication Date
Wed May 13 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Urban creep on the green areas and its environmental effects on the city of Baghdad
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he planning process is generally aimed at developing the city and making it meet the needs of different citizens. The green areas constitute one of the basic needs of the city and with the rapid and unusual growth in the size of cities, especially in the third world countries, which is often embodied in capitals. Which was achieved as a result of many reasons, including political, economic and social and even enshrined through some of the decisions that were issued and the city of Baghdad, but a clear example of these cities. The city and the environment are inseparable terms. The city is where people spend their lives and their daily experiences, and the environment is the center in w

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