Background: Significant numbers of patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB), especially in developing countries, still present late after disease onset with severe neurological deficits.

Objective:This study was conducted to assess the outcome of surgery in patients with tuberculosis of the spine with motor deficits.

Type of the study: Retrospective study.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data obtained in all the patients with severe motor deficits due to spinal TB admitted to and surgically treated in four hospitals in Baghdad/Iraq during the period from January 2012 to January 2014. History, examination, imaging, histological, postoperative, a

 Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the commonest complication of T2DM. Neuropathy is a descriptor for a spectrum of clinical and subclinical symptoms with varying anatomical distributions, clinical histories, and perhaps underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. The distal Symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy is chronic, symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor. Studies of the blink reflex have shown potential as a method of assessing brainstem activity.

Objective: The primary purpose of this research was to assess the function of the blink reflex in the early detection of cranial nerves and brain

Background: The kidneys perform glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and the study of urinary excretion of some enzymes considered as a sensitive test for the detection of early stages of renal disease, particularly N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) which is a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme present in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Increased urinary NAG due to tubular damage could be used as a marker by a simple non invasive test for prediction of urinary tract problems like pelviureteric junction(PUJ) obstruction ,vesicouretric reflux(VUR) and pyelonephritis.
Objectives: to assess urinary NAG/ urinary creatinine (NAG/ Cr) ratio in children with different urinary tract anomalies an

Background: Powerlifters and bodybuilders use anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) especially – as many as 55 percent of elite powerlifters admitted using these agents. In contrast to numerous documented toxic and hormonal effects of AAS their impact on the structure and function of the left ventricular (LV) was not yet fully understood.

Background: High serum molybdenum level may contribute to dialysis related bone disease in patients requiring long term hemodialysis in fact massive molybdenum accumulation causes joint deformity and arthritis
Objective: To asses the level of molybdenum in uremic patients requiring long term hemodialysis and impact of hemodialysis on the serum level of molybdenum before and after hemodialysis
Patients and methods: Eighty patients complain from chronic renal failure on long term hemodialysis aged (16 to 65) years, serum molybdenum was measured before and after hemodialysis
Result: The mean serum molybdenum level in 80 patients requiring long term hemodialysis was elevated before dialysis (0.29 + 0.17 nmol/mL) and even after dialy

The Present study investigated the drought in Iraq, by using the rainfall data which obtained from 39 meteorological stations for the past 30 years (1980-2010). The drought coefficient calculated on basis of the standard precipitation index (SPI) and then characteristics of drought magnitude, duration and intensity were analyzed. The correlation and regression between magnitude and duration of drought were obtained according the (SPI) index. The result shows that drought magnitude values were greater in the northeast region of Iraq. 

Background: The symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) can lead to problems in movement and coordination that lead to difficulty in maintaining well oral cleaning which can then negatively affect dental status of those Patients. The aim of present study: To evaluate prosthetic status in relation to weight status and occupation by age and gender among Parkinson's disease Patients in Baghdad-Iraq. Methods: The sample consisted of 104 patients with Parkinson disease attended to the Neurosciences Hospital in Baghdad city / Iraq, aged 60-79 years Prosthetic Status was recorded according to WHO(1997). Weight status was recorded according to Trowbridge 1988 and occupation was recorded according to Erikson and Goldthorpe (1992) and Ganzeboom et al (

Backgound: Varicoceles defined as abnormally dilated testicular veins (pampiniform plexus) of in the scrotum and it is found in approximately 15% of the general population and associated with adverse effects on the seminal fluid and fertility. According to size of that blood vessels; the varicocele is divided into clinical that are discovered in physical examination and subclinical that are only discovered by Doppler examination. It is well known that clinical varicocele affect the seminal fluid and always treated surgically as a part of treatment of infertility or because of pain or cosmetic purpose but the controversy is about the cases of subclinical varicocele and the indication of surgery and its outcome.
Objective: To assess the

Background: Nutrition can affect the development and integrity of the oral cavity as well as the progression of oral diseases such as dental caries which was the most predominant and wide spread not life threatening human diseases especially in developing countries as in Iraq. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence, prevalence and severity of dental caries condition and their relations to nutritional status among intermediate schools females in Al-Najaf city in Iraq. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among intermediate schools females aged 13, 14 and15 years old and the total sample consisted of 754 students. The assessment of nutritional status was performed using body mass index (BMI) following Centers for Diseas

Objective: The study aims at assessing the food frequency intake and dietary habits for diabetic pregnant
women.
Methodology: A descriptive study is carried out for the period from November4th 2013 to August
25th 2014. A purposive "non-probability" sample of one hundred diabetic pregnant women is selected from
the Diabetic and Endocrine Center in Al-Amarha City. A questionnaire is developed as a tool of data
collection. Content validity of the study instrument is determined through panel of experts. Split-half
reliability technique is used for reliability determination of the study instrument which depicts a reliability
coefficient of (0.79) for the entire scale. A structured interview with each diabetic pregnant wom