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Correlation between the histopathological grade and size of breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement
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Background: Breast cancer account for 29% of all newly diagnosed cancer in female and is responsible for 14% of cancer related deaths in women. Breast cancer is basically detected either during a screening tests, before symptoms have appeared, or after a woman notices a mass. Overall risk doubles each decade until the menopause, when the increase slows down or remains stable.
Objective: to find the correlation between the tumor size and grade and involvement of axillary lymph node.
Patients and methods: a continuous prospective study of 50 patients from 1st January 2016 to 1st January 2017 in Baghdad teaching hospital at 1st surgical floor, where almost all patients with breast cancer operated on by modified radical mastectomy and axillary clearance included in the study.
Results: the commonest age group was 5th decade with 32% of patients followed by 6th decade with 28% of patients. The most common histological type was IDC with 78% and 22% of patients were ILC. The most common stage at presentation was stage II A with 32% of patients followed by stage III A with 28% of patients. Tumor size between (2-5)cm (T2) was the most common with 68% of patients. Grade II was the commonest histological grade in this study with 68% of patients. Axillary lymph nodes (ALN) involvement increase as tumor size increase, it was 50% in T1, 55.8% in T2, 88.8% in T3 and 100% in T4. Grade I associate with 25% +ve ALN, grade II 55.8% and 100% in grade III.
Conclusion: The majority of patients in this study were in fifth and sixth decades. There is delay in presentation of patients as evidenced by the most common tumor size being T2 and the most common stage being stage II A& stage III A.IDC was the most common histological type. The most common grade was grade II. The larger the tumor the more incidence of ALN involvement, also the higher grade of the tumor associate with more ALN involvement.

خلفية البحث: سرطان الثدي يمثل ۲۹% من مجموع حالات السرطان المشخصة حديثا في الاناث وهو مسؤول عن۱٤% من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان في النساء. وعادة ما يتم الكشف عن سرطان الثدي أما اثناء الفحص, قبل ظهور الأعراض , او بعد ان تلاحظ المرأة وجود تورمز الخطر الكلي للأصابة يتضاعف كل عشر سنوات حتى سن اليأس , عندها تتباطأ الزيادة او تبقى مستقرة.

الهدف من الدراسة: للعثور على العلاقة بين حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية وتورط العقد اللمفاوية الأبطية.

المرضى وطريقة العمل: دراسة استطلاعية متواصلة من1 كانون الثاني 2016 الى 1 كانون الثاني 2017 في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي , الطابق الجراحي الأول , حيث تم شمول تقريبا كل المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان الثدي الذين أجري لهم أستئصال الثدي مع تنظيف الأبط .

النتائج: كانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر شيوعا هي العقد الخامس بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها العقد السادس بنسبة 28% من المرضى. كان النوع النسيجي القنوي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 78% وكانت نسبة 22% من المرضى من النوع الغدي. وكانت المرحلة الأكثر شيوعا هي المرحلة 2 بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها المرحلة 3 بنسبة 28% من المرضى. وكان حجم الورم بين (5-2)سم الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68% من المرضى. كانت الدرجة النسيجية 2 هي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68%. تورط العقد اللمفاوية يزداد بأزدياد حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية فهو 50% في T1 و 55.8% في T2 و 88.8% في T3 و 100% في T4. وكانت نسبة تورط العقد اللمفاوية 25% في الدرجة النسيجية 1 و 55.8% في الدرجة النسيجية 2 و 100% في الدرجة النسيجية 3.

الاستنتاج: الاغلبية في هذه الدراسة تتراوح اعمارهم بين العقد الخامس والسادس. هناك تاخير واضح للمرضى في الحضور لغرض الكشف عن المرض حيث ان اغلبية حجم المرض هو  تي 2   والمرحلة الشائعة للمرض هي الثانية اي  واغلبية الفحص النسيجي هي سرطان داخل القناة الخبيث واغلبية رتبة الورم النسيجية هي الرتبة الثانية وكلما زاد حجم الورم زادت معه قابلية اصابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية وكذلك كلما زادت رتبة الورم النسيجية زادت معه قابلية اضابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية بشكل اكبر.   

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Carbon Dioxide Availability in Inlands Rivers Is Driven by Dissolved Organic Carbon, Not Warming: A Case Study of Tigris River
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الانهار اصبحت مشبعة بثاني اوكسيد الكربون بشكل عالي وبذلك فهي تلعب دور مهم في كميات الكربون العالمية. لزيادة فهمنا حول مصادر الكربون المتوفرة في النظم البيئية النهرية، تم اجراء هذه الدراسة حول تأثير الكربون العضوي المذاب والحرارة (العوامل الرئيسية لتغير المناخ) كمحركات رئيسية لوفرة ثاني اوكسيد الكربون في الانهار. تم جمع العينات من خمسة واربعون موقع في ثلاثة اجزاء رئيسية لنهر دجلة داخل مدينة بغداد خلال فص

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 05 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Salivary TNF-α andAlkaline Phosphatase in Relation to Gingival Health Condition According to Nutritional Status among a Group of School Children
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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2016
Journal Name
Chem Istry & Chem Ical Technology
SYN TH ESIS, CH ARACTERIZATION AN D AN TIM ICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF N EW N UCLEOSIDE AN ALOGUES FROM BEN ZOTRIAZOLE
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Novel derivatives of 1-(´1, ´3, ´4, ´6-tetra benzoyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl)-1H- benzotriazole and 1-(´1, ´3, ´4, ´6-tetra benzoyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl)-1H- benzotriazole carrying Schiff bases moiety were synthesised and fully characterised. The protection of D- fructose using benzoyl chloride was synthesized, followed by nucleophilic addition/elimination between benzotria- zole and chloroacetyl chloride to give 1-(1- chloroacetyl)- 1H-benzotriazole. The next step was condensation reaction of protected fructose and 1-(1-chloroacetyl)-1H- benzotriazole producing a new nucleoside analogue. The novel nucleoside analogues underwent a second conden- sation reaction with different aromatic and aliphatic amines to provide new Schiff b

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 27 2023
Journal Name
8th Engineering And 2nd International Conference For College Of Engineering – University Of Baghdad: Coec8-2021 Proceedings
Experimental study of natural convection heat transfer on an enclosure partially filled porous medium heated from below by constant heat flux
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This study reports on natural convection heat transfer in a square enclosure of length (L=20 cm) with a saturated porous medium (solid glass beads) having same fluid (air) at lower horizontal layer and free air fill in the rest of the cavity's space. The experimental work has been performed under the effects of heating from bottom by constant heat flux q=150,300,450,600 W/m2 for four porous layers thickness Hp (2.5,5,7.5,1) cm and three heaters length δ(20,14,7) cm. The top enclosure wall was good insulated and the two side walls were symmetrically cooled at constant temperature. Four layers of porous media with small porosity, Rayleigh number range (60.354 - 241.41) and (Da) 3.025x10-8 has been investigated. The obtained data of temperatu

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Treatability influence of municipal sewage effluent on surface water quality assessment based on Nemerow pollution index using an artificial neural network
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Abstract<p>Assessing water quality provides a scientific foundation for the development and management of water resources. The objective of the research is to evaluate the impact treated effluent from North Rustumiyia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the quality of Diyala river. The model of the artificial neural network (ANN) and factor analysis (FA) based on Nemerow pollution index (NPI). To define important water quality parameters for North Al-Rustumiyia for the line(F2), the Nemerow Pollution Index was introduced. The most important parameters of assessment of water variation quality of wastewater were the parameter used in the model: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen dem</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Effect of Heterogeneity on Recovery Factor for Carbonate Reservoirs. A Case Study for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna Oilfield, Southern Iraq
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Oil recovery could be impacted by the relation between vertical permeability (Kv) and horizontal permeability (Kh) (Kv/Kh). 4816 plugs that have been getting hold of 18 wells of Mishrif formation in the West Qurna oilfield were used. Kv/Kh data provided some scatter, but the mean is ~1. Kv/Kh =1 was used for the Petrel model before upscaling according to the heterogeneity of each layer.

Kv/Kh values for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna Oilfield are 0.8 for relatively homogeneous, 0.4 for heterogeneous rock, and 0.1 for cap rocks (CRII).

   Eclipse TM was used for reservoir simulation. PVT and SCAL data e

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 17 2017
Journal Name
Elixir Mech. Engg. 109 (2017) 47879-47881, Www. Elixirpublishers. Com …‏
Effect of Cutting Angle for a Locally Assembling Motorized Vibration Cutter on Some Operational Characteristics Used for Date Palm Fronds Cutting
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Development of an On-Line Self-Tuning FPGA-PID-PWM Control Algorithm Design for DC-DC Buck Converter in Mobile Applications
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Female Students’ Practices toward Premenstrual Syndrome at Secondary Schools in Third Al- Rusafa Education Directorate
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Objective: Determination the effectiveness of educational program on female students’ practices toward premenstrual.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted involving (140) student purposely in four secondary schools at Al-sadder city (70) student for study group and (70) for control group. The prevalence of PMS selected through American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2015) criteria to select PMS students before program. The education program were set in four steps, the first step (pre-test) is to assess the practices, before the implementation of the program, the second step is implementing the program, following two steps post-test  I and II betwe

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detection a New Antiseptic Resistant Variant of qac Gene in Some Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Sources
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The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay

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