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Molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Shigella species isolated from patients with bacillary dysentery in Iraq
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Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including cefotaximases (CTX-M), mediate resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and significantly compromise the treatment tools for Shigellosis.

Objective: To determine the ESBLs production by Shigella spp. and its role in the resistance to third generation cephalosporins and to determine    the occurrence of   plasmid- borne   blaCTX genes in   ESBLS Shigella isolates by Multiplex PCR.

Methods: Susceptibility of 59 clinical Shigella isolates was tested by disk diffusion method to six antimicrobial agents. Presence of ESBLs was established by the combination disk method. Minimum inhibitory concentration of β-lactams was determined by agar dilution method for resistant isolates, and then ESBL producers were subjected to plasmid extraction and PCR experiments.

Results: Overall isolates had high rate of resistance to Ampicillin (84.7%), Tetracycline (84.7%), Co-trimoxazole(72.9%) and Cefotaxime(69.5%). Moderate to Ceftriaxone (52.5%) and low rate of resistance to Ceftazidime(30.5%). The MIC value of resistant isolates of   S. sonnei and S. flexneri for CTX and CRO ranged from (64-512 μg/ml) for both, and (32-256 μg/ml) for CAZ, whereas S. dysenteriae exhibit only high level resistance MIC (256 μg/ml) for CTX, low level resistance (64 μg/ml) for CRO and complete susceptibility to CAZ. 31 of 41 (75.6 %) of  Shigella spp. were β-lactamase producers, of these (82.6%) were S. flexneri, (68.8%) S. sonnei, and one S.  dysenteriae isolate. The results of PCR amplification of bla CTX gene groups showed that blaCTX-M genes were identified in (74.19%) ESBLs  isolates distributed as 14(45.16%)  S.flexneri isolates, 9(29.03%) S. sonnei, while  no gene  was detected  in ESBLs   S. dysenteriae isolate. The  prevalence  of  bla CTX-M I, bla CTX-M II (TOHO 1)  and blaCTX-M III,  were ( 54.8%, 16.1% and 3.2% )  respectively. Non  of the isolates  carried more than one type.

Conclusion: The occurrence of   plasmid- borne   blaCTX genes in   ESBLS Shigella isolates are increasing in Iraq with co-resistance to some other classes of antibiotics

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Slab with Grinded Local Rocks
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The effect of using grinded rocks of (quartzite and porcelanite) as powder of (10 and 20) % replacement by weight of cement for self-compacting concrete slabs was investigated in this study. Five slabs with 15 concrete cubes were tested experimentally at 28 days to study the compressive strength, ultimate load, ultimate deflection, ductility, crack load and steel strain. The test results show that, the compressive strength improvement when replacement of local rock powder reached to (7.3, 4.22) % for (10 and 20) % quartzite powder and (11.3, 16.1) % for (10 and 20) % porcelanite powder, respectively compared to the reference specimen. The ultimate load percentage increase for slabs with (10 and 20) % rep

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 30 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Catalytic Reduction of NOx using Locally Prepared Catalysts with Ammonia
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Existence and Qualitative Property of Differential Equation with Delayed Arguments
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     In this paper, some conditions to guarantee the existence of bounded solution to the second order multi delayed arguments differential equation are given. The Krasnoselskii theorem used to the Lebesgue’s dominated convergence and fixed point to obtain some new sufficient conditions for existence of solutions. Some important lemmas are established that are useful to prove the main results for oscillatory property. We also submitted some sufficient conditions to ensure the oscillation criteria of bounded solutions to the same equation.

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 20 2021
Journal Name
Materials Science Forum
Preparation of Solid-Super Acidic Catalyst with Improvement Physical Properties
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Sulphated zirconia (SZ) is one of the most important solid acid catalysts was synthesize at different operating conditions, different calcination temperature and sulfonating time has been used. The prepared catalyst was distinguished by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), particle size and morphology of catalyst were checked by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively, in addition to analysis by (DTA) Differential thermally and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Finally, the N2 adsorption-desorption was used to measure the surface area (BET) and pore volume. High degree of tetragonal crystallinity was obtained 90 %, and surface area of 169 m2/g and pore volume of 0.39 cm3g-1 at 600°C calcination temperature for 3

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Punching Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates with Openings
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Test results of six half-scale reinforced concrete flat plates connections with an opening in the vicinity of the column are reported. The test specimens represent a portion of a slab bounded by the lines of contraflexure around the column. The tests were designed to study the effect of openings on the punching shear behavior of the slab-column connections. The test parameters were the location and the size of the openings. One specimen had no opening and the remaining five had various arrangements of openings around the column. All specimens were cast with normal density concrete of approximately 30 MPa compressive strength. The openings in the specimens were square, with the sides parallel to the sides of the column. Three sizes of ope

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 17 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On Commutativity of Prime and Semiprime - Rings with Reverse Derivations
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Let M be a weak Nobusawa -ring and γ be a non-zero element of Γ. In this paper, we introduce concept of k-reverse derivation, Jordan k-reverse derivation, generalized k-reverse derivation, and Jordan generalized k-reverse derivation of Γ-ring, and γ-homomorphism, anti-γ-homomorphism of M. Also, we give some commutattivity conditions on γ-prime Γ-ring and γ-semiprime Γ-ring .

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Treatment of Simulated Carwash Wastewater by Electrocoagulation with Sonic Energy
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Oily carwash wastewater is a high organic and chemical wastewater. This paper targeted to investigate a treatment to decrease the water consumption and contaminants in car-washing stations. Electrocoagulation combined with ultrasonic energy (Sono-Electrocoagulation) was suggested so that the carwash wastewater is treated to be reused. The effect of both the voltage and time of treatment on the removal of COD, turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were studied at constant initial pH 7 and electrode distance 2 cm. The results showed the best results of removal COD, turbidity, TDS, and reduce electrical conductivity is when the voltage was 30 V and a treatment time of 90 minutes.

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Some Geotechnical Properties of Plastic Soil Enhanced with Cement Dust
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Plastic soil exhibits unfavorited geotechnical properties (when saturation), which causes negative defects to engineering structures. Different attempts (included various materials) were conducted to proffer solutions to such defects by experimenting in practical ways. On one hand, these attempts aimed to improve the engineering characteristics of plastic soil, and on the other hand, to use problematic waste materials as a stabilizer, like cement kiln dust, and to reduce environmental hazards. This paper explored the shrinkage, plasticity, and strength behavior of plastic soil enhanced with cement dust. The cement dust contents were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by dry weight of soil. An experimental series of shrinkage and p

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Behavior of Strengthened RC Columns with CFRP under Biaxial Bending
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In this work, the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under biaxial bending is studied. This work aims at studying the strengthening of columns by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The experimental work includes investigation of eight reinforced concrete columns (150*150*500mm) tested under several load conditions. Variables considered in the test program include; effect of eccentricity and effect of longitudinal reinforcement (Ø12mm or Ø6mm). Test results are discussed based on load – lateral deflection behavior, load –longitudinal deflection behavior, ultimate load and failure modes. The CFRP reinforcement permits
a complete change in the failure mode of the columns .The effect of longitudinal reinforcement in

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation Nurses Practice about Care of Children with Febrile Convulsion
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Abstract

Objective(s): To evaluate the nurses` practices for children who diagnosed with febrile convulsion.

Methodology: A quantitative research, descriptive correlational design was used in this study, the study conducted on nurses who work in Al-Diwaniya Pediatrics Teaching Hospital-Iraq for Maternal and Children period from 12th September 2021 to 10th October 2022. A non- probability (convenience) sample has been applied to obtain the study goals. The study sample was (21) nurses who participate in the study. The study tool is composed of two parts: The first part is concerned with collection of nurses socio-demographic data obta

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