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Obesity Impact on Heart Rate Variability Indices and the Modulation Effect of Regular Physical Activity.
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Background: Obesity is imposing a growing threat to world health. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates visceral functions via balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. In the cardiovascular system (CVS) this non stationary balance results in the fluctuation between intervals of consecutive heart beats, so called heart rate variability (HRV). Obesity is one of the causative co-morbid conditions leading to metabolic and cardiac disorders as it is accompanied with varied combinations of abnormalities in the ANS, one view is that obese people have higher sympathetic tone. HRV measures the effect of autonomic function on the heart alone. Therefore, it could be the most useful method to investigate the effect of obesity on CVS as obesity is associated with decreased HRV. Regular physical activity has been shown to increase HRV in healthy individuals. Therefore, exercise training may improve cardiac autonomic regulation in a variety of clinical populations including obese individuals.

Objectives: to assess the alteration in cardiac autonomic function that may be associated with obesity by measuring HRV indices using (Holter monitoring) and to test the hypothesis that regular physical activity is associated with improved HRV.

Methods: A total of 49 asymptomatic obese individuals (28 males, 21 females) were recruited from Obesity Unit in Alkindy College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad.

Holter monitoring was applied to the obese individuals to assess HRV in addition to 47 healthy non-obese subjects of either sex as controls. All participants were subjected to 4-6 weeks moderate intensity of physical activity, and then Holter monitoring was repeated after the end of physical activity. Blood tests were done for all participants to exclude renal, liver and endocrine dysfunctions.

Results: all HRV indices were significantly low in obese subjects (p value less than 0.05) body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with overall HRV index (p= 0.0001, r= - 0.87). After onset of regular physical activity, all HRV indices were increased significantly in obese subjects whereas the increase in HRV indices in normal weight subjects did not reach the level of significance.

Conclusion: Obese subjects had a significant lower values of all HRV indices, overall low HRV values usually indicate a relative sympathetic dominance. BMI was negatively correlated with overall HRV index significantly in obese subjects. The significant increment in all HRV values in obese subjects after the onset of regular physical activity indicates a shift of sympathetic/parasympathetic balance towards increased vagal activity, which is a marker for cardiac autonomic modulation that may offset the negative effect of obesity.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Engineering Properties and Geochemical Relationship For The Volcaniclastic Rocks Of The Muqdadiya Formation In Hemrin Area, NE. IRAQ
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Volcaniclastic rocks of Al Muqdadiya Formation (Pliocene) in Injana area, southern Hemrin anticline, NE of Iraq, were studied ( petrographically, physically, mineralogically and geochemically , as well as the engineering properties) to assess the suitability of volcaniclastic rocks to use them in industry as refractories. The results show that the physical and engineering properties change with the temperature change. The bulk density and the specific gravity increase by increasing temperature while the apparent porosity, water sorption and the linear shrinkage decrease. On the other hand the compressive strength increase by increasing temperature. The volcaniclastics have very low thermal conductivi

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Publication Date
Thu May 11 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
The Construction and Reverse Construction of the Complete Arcs in the Projective 3-Space Over Galois Field GF(2)
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  The main purpose of this work is to find the complete arcs in the projective 3-space over Galois field GF(2), which is denoted by PG(3,2), by two methods and then we compare between the two methods

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The relationship between risk management strategies and the risks of container transport: Applied research in the National Insurance Company
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The aim of the research is to find out the nature of the relationship between the interrelationships and the interrelationships between risk management strategies (avoiding danger, risk exposure, risk exhibition, preventive programs and activities to reduce risks) and the dangers of container transportation, as an independent variable in the dangers of container transportation as a dependent variable, the study started from the problem that the company suffers from The practical aspect of the study was applied at the National Insurance Corporation, and the researcher designed a diagram according to the study's schematic diagram. The study, and for the purpose of data and information related to that, it relied on the descriptive a

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Legislative Balance between Stability and Sustainability in the Labor Market : A Study of the United Arab Emirates Legislation
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The Emirati Labor Legislation is one of the most effective legislations in its response to the developments and variations of the labor market, an effectiveness attained through emphasizing the necessity of workers’ efficiency reinforcement and through conserving and supporting skilled labor. It is however necessary to maintain balance in labor relations, to achieve equal opportunities for workers, and to ensure their rights, especially the citizens. The United Arab Emirates is actively seeking to support national talent by applying the Emiratization Policy, which is one of the State’s most prioritized concerns. This Policy entails achieving a balance between the labor relations’ stability and meeting the labor market’s requireme

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Self-Efficacy and its Relation to the Cognitive Assessment for the Daily Disturbances for the University of Baghdad Students
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The current research tackles the self-efficacy and its relation to the cognitive assessment for the daily disturbances for the University of Baghdad students. Two criteria have been adopted to achieve the objectives of the research. The sample of this study consists of 200 male and female students who were chosen randomly. The data were analyzed statistically, revealing that the university students owned their own self-efficacy as well as a cognitive assessment for the daily disturbances and they recognized them as self-threatening. The results also indicated the existence of a prediction activity in the field of the cognitive assessment to the daily disturbances selection. In light of the acquired results, the study recommends the neces

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Investigating the Compatibility of IRI and ASAPS Models in Predicting the foF2 Ionospheric Parameter over the Mid Latitude Region
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        In this research, an investigation for the compatibility of the IRI-2016 and ASAPS international models was conducted to evaluate their accuracy in predicting the ionospheric critical frequency parameter (foF2) for the years 2009 and 2014 that represent the minimum and maximum years of solar cycle 24. The calculations of the monthly average foF2 values were performed for three different selected stations distributed over the mid-latitude region. These stations are Athens - Greece (23.7o E, 37.9 o N), El Arenosillo - Spain (-6.78 o E, 37.09 o N), and Je Ju - South Korea (124.53 o E, 33.6 o N). The calculated v

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Evaluating the Observing Internal System in the General State of Taxes and its Role in Increasing the Taxes Revenue
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The internal observing system is considered a cornerstone for the high management in all the systems. It aims at defending the things for waste and increasing efficient and application the rules and regulations and constrictions. To easier for the high management activity in the internal observing system which in presented and practiced and to what extent can depend on it. Thus it goes to evaluate the internal observing system periodically to check the weak points in that system so as the find out the mistake, in the construction of the system or mistake, by indication of the workers. The importance of this study is represented in the need of increasing the coactivity in the internal observing system so as to be in touch with the new tre

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Importance of Liquidity and Profitability in Enhancing the Banking Value in Private Banks for the Period 2016 - 2019
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The article aims to study the liquidity that is required to be provided optimally and the profitability that is required to be achieved by the bank, and the impact of both of them on the value of the bank, and their effect of both liquidity and profitability on the value of the bank. Hence, the research problem emerged, which indicates the extent of the effect of liquidity and profitability on the value of the bank. The importance of the research stems from the main role that commercial banks play in the economy of a country. This requires the need to identify liquidity in a broad way and its most important components, and how to

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Building and rationing test to measure the kinetic response to the movement of the player defender basketball junior time
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The researchers believe the problem of searching the scarcity or limited tests of time kinetic response led to scarcity or limited availability of experimental research in exercises codified within the training curriculum for the junior class, and therefore has been weakening this physical variable as an important episode in the development of the players physical capacities as well as the lack of measure for this variable within the defensive skills in general and the skill of the player movement defender in particular, and it represents the goal of research in the treatment of the above through the construction and rationing test to measure the kinetic response to the movement of the player defender basketball junior time. Chosen as the r

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 24 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Engineering Properties and Geochemical Relationship For The Volcaniclastic Rocks Of The Muqdadiya Formation In Hemrin Area, NE. IRAQ
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Volcaniclastic rocks of Al Muqdadiya Formation (Pliocene) in Injana area, southern Hemrin anticline, NE of Iraq, were studied ( petrographically, physically, mineralogically and geochemically , as well as the engineering properties) to assess the suitability of volcaniclastic rocks to use them in industry as refractories. The results show that the physical and engineering properties change with the temperature change. The bulk density and the specific gravity increase by increasing temperature while the apparent porosity, water sorption and the linear shrinkage decrease. On the other hand the compressive strength increase by increasing temperature. The volcaniclastics have very low thermal conductivity.
The petrography, mineralogy and

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