Background: although breast cancer in young women is less common and often overlooked, it is still considered a major health concern.
Objectives: to evaluate the demographic, clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of breast cancer among a sample of Iraqi women diagnosed under the age of 40 years.
Patients and methods: a retrospective study enrolled 73 females below the age of 40 years with a history of breast cancer. All data was extracted from an established information system database designed by the Principal Investigator of the Iraqi National Breast Cancer Research Project under supervision of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) over a 4-years period from 2011 to 2014.
Results: seventy three women under the age of 40 years with breast cancer were included in the study out of 625 diagnosed cases at different ages (11.68%). The age at presentation ranged from 25 to 39 years, the peak age frequency (63%) was recorded in the period between 35-39 years (n=46). Family history of breast cancer was noticed in approximately 31.5% of cases (n=23). Early menarche (less than 12 years old) was detected in 78.1% (n=57) of cases. On examination, 90.4% (n=66) of patients had painless palpable breast lump. By Sonography, the lesions were spiculated margins in 52% (n=38) of patients and echogenic halo around the mass was detected in 57.5% (n=42) of cases. Stage-II disease was recognized in 54.8% (n=40) of sample of the study and majority of the tumor (98.6%) were ductal in origin. According to Scarf-Bloom-Richardson method, 60.3% (n=44) of the tumors were moderately differentiated (i.e. grade- II). Eight patients (10.9%) were presented with triple receptor-negative breast cancer and recurrence of tumor was encountered in 17.8% (n=13) of cases.
Conclusions: The current study suggest that breast cancer among young Iraqi women under 40 years had high incidence rate but might be less aggressive than what is reported in western countries despite of high recurrence rate.
Hot-wire cutting is one of the important, non-traditional thermomechanical way to cut polymer, usually expanded foam and extruded foam, in low volume manufacturing. The study and analysis of Hot-Wire cutting parameters play an important role to enhance the quality and accuracy of the process and products. The effects on the surface have been investigated by using experimental tests designed according to the Taguchi orthogonal array (OA). In this study, four parameters with five levels for each parameter have been used: [temperature of wire (A) (100, 120, 130, 150, 160) °C], [diameter of wire (B) (0.3,0.4,0.5,0.7,0.8) mm], [velocity of cutting (C) (200, 300,400,500,600) mm/min], [and density of foam (D) (0.01,0.0
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In order to enhance the efficiency of flat plate solar water collectors without changing in its original shape and with low additional cost, twisted strips are inserted inside its riser pipes. Three flat plate collectors are used for test. Family of twisted strips are inserted inside each collector risers with different twisted ratios (TR=3,4,5). The collectors are connected in parallel mode (Z-Configuration) and are exposed to the same conditions (solar radiation and ambient temperature) .The experimental results show that, the highest heat transfer rate occurs at twisted ratio (3) .Consequently, for the same twisted ratio the daily efficiencies for the solar collector at d
... Show MoreCarbides or nitrides thin films present materials with good mechanical properties for industrial applications as they can be coatings at low temperatures serve temperature sensitive surfaces. In this work the effect of the C percentage on the mechanical properties represented by the Young modulus (E) of combinatorial magnetron sputtered TiCx (34%x˂65%) has been studied. The structure of the produced films is TiC independent on the C concentration. The mechanical properties are increased with increasing the C concentration up to 50%, and then decreasing with further C % increasing. These results can be explained by considering the resultant residual stresses.
The current research aims to analyze the chemistry books for the preparatory stage according to life skills for the academic year (2019-2020) and to know the life skills contained in the chemistry books for the preparatory stage through the following two questions:1-What life skills should be available in the content of chemistry books prescribed for middle school students approved by the Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Curricula in the academic year(2019-2020). 2-What is the percentage of life skills included in the content of chemistry textbooks prescribed for middle school students approved by the Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Curricula in the academic year (2019-2020). To achieve the objectives of the resea
... Show MoreThe dynamical behavior of a two-dimensional continuous time dynamical system describing by a prey predator model is investigated. By means of constructing suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient condition is derived for the global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium of the system. The Hopf bifurcation analysis is carried out. The numerical simulations are used to study the effect of periodic forcing in two different parameters. The results of simulations show that the model under the effects of periodic forcing in two different parameters, with or without phase difference, could exhibit chaotic dynamics for realistic and biologically feasible parametric values.
Theoretically, an eight-term chaos system is presented. The effect of changing the initial conditions values on behavior Chen system was studied. The basic dynamical properties of system are analyzed like time series, attractor, FFT spectrum, and bifurcation. Where the system appears steady state behavior at initial condition xi , yi , zi equal (0, 0, 0) respectively and it convert to quasi-chaotic at xi ,yi ,zi equal (-0.1, 0.5,-0.6). Finally, the system become hyper chaotic at xi ,yi ,zi equal(-0.5, 0.5,-0.6 ) that can used it in many applications like secure communication.
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of modal framework of the utterance with the semantics of “disappearance” in modern Russian language. The empirical basis of the study was the works of Russian writers, such as M.A. Bulgakov, F.M. Dostoevsky, A.I. Kuprin., L.M. Leonov, B.L. Pasternak, K.G. Paustovsky, L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev and others. The author focuses special attention on the role of the modal component in the formation of the sentences and its modal semantics. A lot attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons of productivity / low productivity in the functioning of the temporal forms of the verbs that form these utterances. The nature of the material of study determined the choice of
... Show MoreThe paper include study the effect thickness of the polymeric sample which is manufactured by thermo press way. The sample was used as an active tunable R6G laser media. The remarks show that, when the thickness of the samples is increased, with the same concentration, the spectrum will shift towards the short wavelength, & the quantum fluorescence yield will increased. The best result we obtained for the quantum fluorescence yield is (0.68) at the sample, with thickness (0.304mm) in Ethanol solvent, while when we used the Pure Water as a solvent, we found that the best quantum fluorescence yield is (0.63) at (0.18mm) thickness of the sample.
The design studies, especially in their contemporary stages, have not been isolated from the subjects that underpin advanced ideas in the field of technical treatments that enrich and improve the social life of users through those technological innovations that have enhanced and changed life styles, Especially in the field of general institutional techniques, including cinemas, as the ideal places for people and visitors to this space, which can contribute to the promotion of cultural, social and technical aspects within this millennium. DONC as reflected on the positive communication and communication between the intellectual and cognitive develop individuals, including cultural and technical side of the individual. The first chapter co
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