Preferred Language
Articles
/
iqjmc-1704
Soft tissue sarcomas: Evaluation by immunohistochemistry

Soft tissue sarcomas represent a histologically heterogenous group of malignant tumors arising from the soft tissue compartments, i.e smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, blood vessels, connective tissue mesenchyme, neural tissue and other tumors of uncertain histogenesis(1). Soft tissue sarcomas are relatively rare tumors, represent less than 1% of adult malignancies based on data report from American Cancer Society (2). The crude incidence rate in Iraq for soft tissue sarcomas was 219/ 100,000 population during 2014 with male: female ratio of 1.3:1, and highest peak age between 30-34 years (3). The histological subtype and microscopic criteria are two parameters that influence the tumor grade which is the best predictor for aggressiveness. ( 2)

Objectives:

A retrospective evaluation of soft tissue sarcomas, using immunohistochemical study of Myosin, Desmin, Smooth muscle Actin (SMA) and Vimentin, aiming to re-evaluate the primary diagnosis and whether IHC assessment in soft tissue sarcoma is mandatory to reach a final interpretation.

Material and Patients:

A total of 50 cases soft tissue sarcomas were reviewed retrospectively from case archives of histopathology department/ Central Public Health Laboratory, for the period (2011-2018). The data for these cases were collected including the age, gender, site of the tumor and the preliminary biopsy report findings. Hematoxylin& Eosin (H&E) stain and IHC staining of unstained sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were performed using SMA, Vimentin, Desmin and Myosin.

Methods: Age and gender distribution of the 50 cases was correlated. The IHC staining performed on 5 microns paraffin sections, applying peroxidase-Antiperoxidase technique and both positive and negative control slides were included for Smooth muscle actin (SMA), clone 1A4, Desmin (clone D33), Myosin (clone 2F12.A9) and Vimentin (Clone V9). The monoclonal antibodies used were from DAKO manufacturer as ready to use monoclonal antibodies while freeze-dried antibodies used for myosin with 1:20 dilution. Negative and positive control slides were used simultaneously. The staining intensity was assessed based on the percentage of positive cells expression of the four IHC monoclonal antibodies. Negative staining reported when no stain seen. Positive (+) means up to 30% of tumor cells with antigen expression. Positive (++) interpretation given when 31-60% of tumor cells show staining reaction, while Positive (+++) interpretation reported when over 60% of tumor cells showing staining reaction.

Results:

The staining interpretation of the four monoclonal antibodies were confirmatory for the original diagnosis in 40% of cases, while 60% of the final diagnoses were against the original interpretation. SMA was positive in 38/50 cases (76%). Desmin was positive in 8/50 cases (20%) Vimentin was positive in 42/50 of cases (84%), Myosin was positive in 30/50 of cases (71.4%).

The current study focus on histological re-evaluation of different types of soft tissue sarcomas (including RMS-with its subtypes), MFH-storiform, pleomorphic and myxoid subtypes), fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and synovial sarcoma depending on immunohistochemical study. The original diagnosis have been changed after the immunohistochemistry stain from fibrosarcoma to rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma , Malignant fibrous histiocytoma to rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma to Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, soft tissue sarcoma to rhabdomyosarcoma , pleomorphic MFH to pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma were confirmed by IHC as so. Leiomyosarcoma was confirmed as the same in one case. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma changed to leiomyosarcoma by IHC positivity for desmin. Six cases of MFH were confirmed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma after IHC. Two cases of synovial sarcoma were re-evaluated as rhabdomyosarcoma. Vimentin revealed 100% positivity in 10 cases and regarded as a sensitive marker for mesenchymal tissue but it is not specific for certain types of sarcomas. The presence of desmin diffusely throughout a tumor is an indication of myoid differentiation and the presence of either SMA or desmin focally should not necessarily be equated with myoid lineage but rather with myofibroblastic lineage, which go in the same direction with Hirofumi N. et al. (1998).(4)

Conclusions: The co-expression of SMA and Desmin helped in the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Myosin expression was helpful in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin were not specific for the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). High grade spindle cell sarcoma express SMA only without myosin or desmin can be categorized as pleomorphic myogenic sarcoma. By applying immunohistochemical markers, 60% of soft tissue sarcomas were different from the preliminary diagnosis while 40% of cases were supportive of the original H&E diagnosis.

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Evaluation of Moderate Closed Head Injury by Visual Evoked Response

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem. Even injuries classified as mild which is the most common, can result in persistent neurobehavioural impairment. Diffuse axonal injury is a common finding after TBI, and is presumed to contribute to outcomes, but may not always be apparent using standard neuroimaging. All severities of TBI can result in a degree of axonal damage, while irreversible myelin damage was only apparent for moderate to severe TBI.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of moderate closed head injury on visual evoked response (VER) and to assess the changes in VER 6 months later as follow up indices.

Subjects and methods: T

... Show More
Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Oct 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Interdisciplinary Mathematics
Fibrewise soft bitopological spaces

We introduce and discuss recent type of fibrewise topological spaces, namely fibrewise soft bitopological spaces. Also, we introduce the concepts of fibrewise closed soft bitopological spaces, fibrewise open soft bitopological spaces, fibrewise locally sliceable soft bitopological spaces and fibrewise locally sectionable soft bitopological spaces. Furthermore, we state and prove several propositions concerning these concepts.

Scopus (6)
Crossref (3)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Feb 07 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Tissue Welding Using (800±10nm) Diode and (1064nm) Nd: YAG Lasers

Joining tissue is a growing problem in surgery with the advancement of the technology and more precise and difficult surgeries are done. Tissue welding using laser is a promising technique that might help in more advancement of the surgical practice. Objectives: To study the ability of laser in joining tissues and the optimum parameters for yielding good welding of tissues. Methods: An in-vitro study, done at the Institute of Laser, Baghdad University during the period from October 2008 to February 2009. Diode and Nd-YAG lasers were applied, using different sessions, on sheep small intestine with or without solder to obtain welding of a 2-mm length full thickness incision. Different powers and energies were used to get maximum effect. Re

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Compactness Property of Fuzzy Soft Metric Space and Fuzzy Soft Continuous Function

      The theories of metric spaces and fuzzy metric spaces are crucial topics in mathematics.   

Compactness is one of the most important and fundamental properties that have been widely used in Functional Analysis. In this paper, the definition of compact fuzzy soft metric space is introduced and some of its important theorems are investigated. Also, sequentially compact fuzzy soft metric space and locally compact fuzzy soft metric space are defined and the relationships between them are studied. Moreover, the relationships between each of the previous two concepts and several other known concepts are investigated separately. Besides, the compact fuzzy soft continuous functions are studie

... Show More
Scopus (7)
Crossref (1)
Scopus Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Fibrewise Soft Topological Spaces

In this work we define and study new concept of fibrewise topological spaces, namely fibrewise soft topological spaces, Also, we introduce the concepts of fibrewise closed soft topological spaces, fibrewise open soft topological spaces, fibrewise soft near compact spaces and fibrewise locally soft near compact spaces.

View Publication
Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOOTING ON SOFT CLAY IMPROVED BY COMPACTED FLY ASH

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems.
Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallow
footing prototype. On the other hand, fly ash, which can be defined as undesirable industrial waste
material, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The soft
soil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm were
used .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and fly ash. The soft soil was
improved by a bed of compacted fly ash placed under the footing with dimensions equal to that of
footing but with different de

... Show More
Crossref (1)
Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF ADDITION RAW BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY Lactobacillus delbrueckii Sub-Sp. bulgaricus ON SOFT CHEESE: EFFECT OF ADDITION RAW BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY Lactobacillus delbrueckii Sub-Sp. bulgaricus ON SOFT CHEESE

ABSTRACT

         The effect of adding raw bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus to cheese curd at an amount of (5 and 10 and 15) mL/kg cheese as a biological preservative to prolong the shelf life of soft cheese, in addition to the control treatment, knowing that each 1 mL of bacteriocin filter contains 15 units/ mL of bacteriocin. The results of the physicochemical, microbial and sensory tests for cheese stored at refrigerator temperature for a period (zero) to (21) d of adding bacteriocin showed the superiority of the treatment of cheese added to 15 mL/kg cheese of bacteriocin over the rest of the other treatments during the storage period, wh

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Performance Evaluation of Intrusion Detection System using Selected Features and Machine Learning Classifiers

Some of the main challenges in developing an effective network-based intrusion detection system (IDS) include analyzing large network traffic volumes and realizing the decision boundaries between normal and abnormal behaviors. Deploying feature selection together with efficient classifiers in the detection system can overcome these problems.  Feature selection finds the most relevant features, thus reduces the dimensionality and complexity to analyze the network traffic.  Moreover, using the most relevant features to build the predictive model, reduces the complexity of the developed model, thus reducing the building classifier model time and consequently improves the detection performance.  In this study, two different sets of select

... Show More
Scopus (17)
Crossref (14)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Topologized Soft Fundamental Group of Soft Topological Group

      In this paper, we show that each soft topological group is a strong small soft loop transfer space at the identity element. This indicates that the soft quasitopological fundamental group of a soft connected and locally soft path connected space, is a soft topological group.

Scopus Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Nov 28 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On soft P_c-connected spaces

In this paper, we define the concept of soft -connected sets and soft -connected spaces by using the notion of soft -open sets in soft topological spaces. Several properties of these concepts are investigated.

Scopus Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF