Summary:
Background: The incidence of cancer of the cervix is comparatively low in Iraq, as in most other Islamic countries. Pre invasive lesions of the uterine cervix can be detected by Pap smears in their preclinical course, a fact which documents the significant role of cervical cytology in gynecological practice.
Objective: To emphasize the role of cervical cytopathology (Pap smears) in the detection and follow up of various cervical lesions that may predispose to cervical carcinoma with special emphasis on Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplastic (CIN) conditions or dysplasias.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study M’as performed on 1500 women aged 20 years and above who attended the private clinical laboratory of the senior investigator during the period betM'een (May 2000 to May 2001). Cases were randomly selected. All relevant clinico-pathological data were recorded within a standardized interview report. After careful examination of the external genitalia, a Pap smear M’as obtained using Ayre's wooden spatula. Results were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: Cytological diagnosis revealed:
1065 cases (71.01%) of non specific cervicitis.
392 cases (26.13%) of specific cervicitis.
30 cases (2%) of cervical polyp.
172 cases (11.47%) of CIN! (mild dysplasia).
31 cases (2.07%) of CINj (moderate dysplasia).
10 cases (0.67%) ofCIN} (severe dysplasia).
According to the Bethesda system, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) M’as the most common epithelial cell abnormality representing (24.27%) of total group studied, while low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) and atypical glandular cell of undetermined significance (AGUS) represented (13.27 %) and ( 16.2 %) of total group studied respectively. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were detected in (2.73 %) of the examined smears. Clinical examination revealed that the grades of CIN were higher in patients with older age groups and a statistically significant correlation M’as shown between parity and the severity of cervical lesions. Cervical erosions, hypertrophy and congestion were reported in a significant proportion of cases among our sudy population.
Conclusion: Pap smear cytology remains as one of the most effective tools used in the early detection and follow up of many gynecological disorders specifically precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.. Cytological diagnosis of these lesions with treatment of the associated inflammations could be helpfid in preventing their progression into more serious cervical pathology.
Background: The breast function as a secretory gland during pregnancy and lactation due to the interaction of estrogen, progesterone and other pituitary hormones.
Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology. Different techniques and magnetic resonance image sequences are widely used and compared to each other to improve the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions in the spinal cord. Objective: To evaluate the ability of MRI short tau inversion recovery sequences in improvementof multiple sclerosis spinal cord lesion detection when compared to T2 weighted image sequences. Type of the study: A retrospective study. Methods: this study conducted from 15thAugust 2013 to 30thJune 2014 at Baghdad teaching hospital. 22 clinically definite MS patients with clinical features suggestive of spinal cord involvement,
... Show MoreThe efficiency of Nd:YAG laser radiation in removing debris and smear layer from prepared root
canal walls was studied. Fifty-seven human extracted single rooted anterior teeth were divided into three
groups. A group that was not lased is considered as a control group. The remaining teeth were exposed to
different laser parameters regarding laser energy, repetition rate and exposure time. For the case of the set of
parameters of 7 mJ laser energy, the cleaning was maximum at 3 p.p.s. repetition rate for 3 seconds exposure
time for, the coronal, middle and apical thirds. Above and below this energy level, there was an overdose
(melting) or under dose (no effect). Nevertheless for 10mJ laser energy case, the cleaning effi
Background: Indeterminate colitis (IC), a term
originated by pathologists to characterize confounding
histopathlogic appearance of resected mucosa, has
become catch phrase for cases in which diagnostic
criteria at all levels elude classification as Crohn's
disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC).
OBJECTIVES: evaluate the prevalence of pANCA
expression in the sera and its isotypes.
Patients and methods: PATIENTS GROUP
consisted of 60 patients (40 males and 20 females)
with indeterminate colitis and their age range was (19-
84 years). CONTROL GROUP consisted of 30 (15
males and 15 females) healthy volunteers and their
age range was (20- 66 years).
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic ( pANCA and cANCA)
te
Plasma physics and digital image processing technique (DIPT) were utilized in this research to show the effect of the cold plasma (plasma needle) on blood cells. The second order statistical features were used to study this effect. Different samples were used to reach the aim of this paper; the patients have leukemia and their leukocytes number was abnormal. By studying the results of statistical features (mean, variance, energy and entropy), it is concluded that the blood cells of the sample showed a good response to the cold plasma.
Root research requires high throughput phenotyping methods that provide meaningful information on root depth if the full potential of the genomic revolution is to be translated into strategies that maximise the capture of water deep in soils by crops. A very simple, low cost method of assessing root depth of seedlings using a layer of herbicide (
In this paper, preliminary test Shrinkage estimator have been considered for estimating the shape parameter α of pareto distribution when the scale parameter equal to the smallest loss and when a prior estimate α0 of α is available as initial value from the past experiences or from quaintance cases. The proposed estimator is shown to have a smaller mean squared error in a region around α0 when comparison with usual and existing estimators.
The current research dealt with the symbolic significance and its effectiveness in the design of the industrial product, the aesthetic communicative discourse that embodies the imagination and human conscience. Whether according to what has been termed custom or what has been approved by traditions long ago, symbolism may be the main actor in linking the identifying components of the product. In addition, symbolism provides the user with the key to accessing a direct awareness of the product’s shape and function, as an identification of the product by stimulating the symbolic form of the consumer’s imagination and inviting him to To meditate in order to realize the implicit meaning behind these forms and thus achieve the symbolism of
... Show MoreThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the infection escalation around the globe encourage the implementation of the global protocol for standard care patients aiming to cease the infection spread. Evaluating the potency of these therapy courses has drawn particular attention in health practice. This observational study aimed to assess the efficacy of Remdesivir and Favipiravir drugs compared to the standard care patients in COVID-19 confirmed patients. One hundred twenty-seven patients showed the disease at different stages, and one hundred and fifty patients received only standard care as a control group were included in this study. Patients under the Remdesivir therapy protocol were (62.20%); meanwhile, there (30.71
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