In this article it is proved experimentally that the photon is a particle that has mass and constant wavelength by explaining the effect of refractive index on the wavelength and the natural mass of photon. It is very difficult to measure the mass of photon, a simple and easy process was proposed in this paper to calculate the mass length of photon in vacuum (Y) and in medium (Y*), by measuring the length of laser beam in air (L_air) and in medium (L_med). A new method was postulated to calculate refractive index by using these relations (n = Y*/Y), and (n = L_med / L_air) which supposed a new theory of light.

Objective: Breast cancer is regarded as a deadly disease in women causing lots of mortalities. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with appropriate tumor biomarkers may facilitate early treatment of the disease, thus reducing the mortality rate. The purpose of the current study is to improve early diagnosis of breast by proposing a two-stage classification of breast tumor biomarkers fora sample of Iraqi women.

Methods: In this study, a two-stage classification system is proposed and tested with four machine learning classifiers. In the first stage, breast features (demographic, blood and salivary-based attributes) are classified into normal or abnormal cases, while in the second stage the abnormal breast cases are

 The search aims to clarify pollution to negative effects on environment and to an increasing in the dangerous polluted materials that discharged out these factories. To make active procedures in order to limit the environmental pollution.   

 The search problem came from an assumption which has the researched factory is suffering from the lack of applying the international specification      ( ISO 14004 ). The research problem assimilated by these questions:

1. What is the level or organization in thinking of environmental system according to ISO 14004 .
2. What are the requirements used in researched factor

Technology is one of the important influences in the development of professions in general and the profession of tax auditing and examination in particular because of the importance of this section in the General Tax Authority because of the service it provides is auditing the financial accounts provided to the department by the taxpayers to ensure the correctness of revenue and the achievement of tax justice. Where the research aims at the importance of using electronic accounting information systems in developing the work of the Tax Audit and Examination Department, to reduce the difficulties that the department may be using using manual systems, which is the need for time and effort to accomplish it, and to develop methods and procedu

Technology is an important factor for achieving architecture as an impact and vulnerability. It represents one of the significant elements in creating the intellectual framework, as well as having its own intellectual breakdown, while values constitute the most important and obviously factor of the community's intellectual. Research aims was determined accordingly by: investigating the role and impact of values and their relationship to technology in architecture.

In this context, the research investigated values and technology in architecture, through discussing their aspects and dimensions in architecture. In the context of values, the research discussed their concept and the related ones to have a concrete def

This study is concerned with the comparison of the results of some tests of passing and dribbling of the basketball of tow different years between teams of chosen young players in Baghdad. Calculative methods were used namely (Arithmetic mean, Value digression and T.test for incompatible specimens). After careful calculative treatments, it has been that there were abstract or no abstract differences in the find results of chestpass, highdribble and cross-over dribble. The clubs were: (Al-Khark, Air defence, Police and Al-Adamiyah) each one separate from the other for the year (2000-2001). After all that many findings were reached such as the lack of objective valuation (periodical tests) between one sport season and the other. In the light

The railways network is one of the huge infrastructure projects. Therefore, dealing with these projects such as analyzing and developing should be done using appropriate tools, i.e. GIS tools. Because, traditional methods will consume resources, time, money and the results maybe not accurate. In this research, the train stations in all of Iraq’s provinces were studied and analyzed using network analysis, which is one of the most powerful techniques within GIS. A free trial copy of ArcGIS®10.2 software was used in this research in order to achieve the aim of this study. The analysis of current train stations has been done depending on the road network, because people used roads to reach those train stations. The data layers for this st

This study aims to studying of Person and organization’s environment fit in a sample of Private bank’s reflection in its basic dimensions (Person-organization fit ,Person-Job fit, Person-group fit and Person- Person-fit )in the Work Outcomes (job satisfaction, the intention to leave the job, Job Engagement, and organizational  citizenship behavior ).

The questionnair’e has been used as a basic  instrument to gather data , As well as personal interviews with some of the staff of the research sample of private banks which were represented by (5) and included banks (Bank of Assyria for investment, the North Bank for Finance and Investment , Bank of the Tigris

المقدمة:

مع مطلع القرن الحادي والعشرين فأن الصراع على امدادات المياه الحيوية هو خطر قائم على الدوام في جميع مناطق العالم حيث يتجاوز الطلب على الماء بشكل كبير العرض القائم ولكون اغلب المصادر الرئيسة للمياه وخاصة في المنطقة العربية يشترك فيها بلدان أو أكثر ولان هذه الدول نادرا ما توافق على الاجراءات التفاوضية الخاصة بأقتسام الامداد المتاح من المياه مما يعني زيادة الخلافات على الوصول الى الم

قياس وتحليل تأثير صدمات أسعار النفط الخام على راس المال البشري في العراق للمدة (1970 – 2021)