Breast cancer constitutes about one fourth of the registered cancer cases among the Iraqi population (1)
and it is the leading cause of death among Iraqi women (2)
. Each year more women are exposed to the vicious
ramifications of this disease which include death if left unmanaged or the negative sequels that they would
experience, cosmetically and psychologically, after exposure to radical mastectomy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) documented that early detection and screening, when coped
with adequate therapy, could offer a reduction in breast cancer mortality; displaying that the low survival rates
in less developed countries, including Iraq, is mainly attributed to the lack of early detection programs coupled
with inadequate diagnostic and treatment facilities (3)
. Although mammography machines, as main screening
tools for breast cancer, are available in the major hospitals in each province in Iraq, yet those are mainly used
for diagnostic purposes in patients who present with palpable breast lumps. Obviously, due to cost effective
measures, lack of resources and the economical challenges that Iraq is facing, it is not expected that the
authorities could provide mammography devices across every health care centre in the country to be used for
screening of all Iraqi women.
Accordingly, promoting other feasible tools could support in solving that dilemma. Clinical Breast
Examination (CBE) for women, by highly trained health care providers in Primary Health Care Centers, along
with diagnostic mammography in the major hospitals for referred cases, could offer cost effective approaches
for early detection of breast cancer in Iraq. The resources required to provide these services are within the
reach of all countries with limited resources
(4)
.
The issue of raising awareness on breast cancer and its early detection measures needs to be addressed.
Observations reported in Iraqi studies obviously reflect the the limited knowledge of the general population
about the disease, its preventive measures and their ignorance regarding the significance of CBE and early
medical consultation (5, 6)
. Public health awareness campaigns should be endorsed by policy makers to encourage every Iraqi women to look for abnormal signs and symptoms in their breasts and to seek medical
advice promptly.
Skin cancer is the most serious health problems in the globe because of its high occurrence compared to other types of cancer. Melanoma and non-melanoma are the two most common kinds of skin cancer. One of the most difficult problems in medical image processing is the automatic detection of skin cancer. Skin melanoma is classified as either benign or malignant based on the results of this test. Impediment due to artifacts in dermoscopic images impacts the analytic activity and decreases the precision level. In this research work, an automatic technique including segmentation and classification is proposed. Initially, pre-processing technique called DullRazor tool is used for hair removal process and semi-supervised mean-shift
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(2)
(1)
An analytical and clinical study has been applied for measure the bioavailability of Zinc in serum of twenty adults healthy volunteers, using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) at 213.9 nm. The calibration graph is linear in the ranges of 0.25-1.5 μg.mL-1 with correlation coefficient (R) 0.09996)μg.mL1-and molar absorpitivites 22957.76(L.mol1-cm-1.The concentration of Zinc determined in serum of all volunteers before and after administered orally a tablet of 50 mg zinc sulphate, produced by Samara drugs company (SDI). All data were subjected to statistical analysis by calculating accuracy, precision in addition to other parameters. The results indicate that the average maximum concentration (C-max ± SD) of blood zinc was 0.
... Show MoreTechnology is one of the important influences in the development of professions in general and the profession of tax auditing and examination in particular because of the importance of this section in the General Tax Authority because of the service it provides is auditing the financial accounts provided to the department by the taxpayers to ensure the correctness of revenue and the achievement of tax justice. Where the research aims at the importance of using electronic accounting information systems in developing the work of the Tax Audit and Examination Department, to reduce the difficulties that the department may be using using manual systems, which is the need for time and effort to accomplish it, and to develop methods and procedu
... Show MoreAbstract Candida albicans is a commensal fungal pathogen that grows in yeast and hyphal forms in the human gut. C. albicans causes mucosal and cutaneous diseases that can result in significant mortality following systematic infections and it also exhibits drug resistance. Zebrafish have been an excellent model to investigate C. albicans infections because of their transparency and the availability of many transgenic lines. However, there is a limitation in using zebrafish as a model because the fish embryos cannot survive at 37°C therefore it is not suitable for studying Candida infections at physiological relevant human body temperature. In this thesis, the normal embryonic development of Arabian killifish (A. dispar) is investigated, rev
... Show MoreNeutral and semi-synthetic hydrophilic polymers are widely used
in pharmaceutical technology to fomlUlate as controlled release drugs
delivery systems ,cellulose derivatives is biocompatibilily, biodegradability , non-toxicity, its is a good candidate as drug carrier. In this study, polymers were used as cellulose derivatives like Methylcellulose (MC) & Soditun Carboxymetl1ylcellulose (NaCMC) as hydrogels for controlled delivery for two kinds of drugs, Cefotaxine
& Amoxycill ine trihydrate i n different media (Distilled water, Normal Saline & Buffer solution PH=2). It has been shown that for sodium Carboxymethylcellulnse the drug release rate is more than the Mcthylcellulose and that the release
... Show MoreRecently emerging pandemic SARS CoV-2 conquered our world since December 2019. Continuous efforts have been done to find out effective immunization and precise treatment stetratigies A way from therapeutic options that were tried in SARS CoV-2, an increased attention is directed to predict natural products and mainly phytochemicals as collaborative measures for this crisis. In this review, most of the mentioned compounds specially flavonoids (biacalin, hesperidin, quercetin, luteolin,, and phenolic (resveratrol, curcumin, and theaflavin) exert their effect through interfering with the action of one or more of this proteins (spike protein, papain like protease, 3 chymotrypsin like cysteine protease, and RNA dependent RNA
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(2)
Lymphoma is a cancer arising from B or T lymphocytes that are central immune system components. It is one of the three most common cancers encountered in the canine; lymphoma affects middle-aged to older dogs and usually stems from lymphatic tissues, such as lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue, or spleen. Despite the advance in the management of canine lymphoma, a better understanding of the subtype and tumor aggressiveness is still crucial for improved clinical diagnosis to differentiate malignancy from hyperplastic conditions and to improve decision-making around treating and what treatment type to use. This study aimed to evaluate a potential novel biomarker related to iron metabolism,
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The theme of causal attribution has generated a great deal of work and focuses on the factors to which people attribute their behavior. However, its use to explain the results of the evaluation and the support for the regulation of teaching and learning acts has rarely been raised. Indeed, in the evaluation act, which is a privileged moment for reframing the learning process, teachers attribute the results obtained to the student himself, without worrying about the factors to which the student attribute itself these failures. This can distort the regulatory process and increase failure factors. The teacher's attributions of failure often relate to the results of the evaluations and are often explained by factors external to him: such as
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(1)
Reaxys Chemistry database information SciVal Topics Metrics Abstract A novel CoO–ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized by the photo irradiation method using a solution of cobalt and zinc complexes and used as a coating applied by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for corrosion protection of stainless steel (SS) in saline solution. The samples were characterized using powder XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical polarization. It was also found that the coating was still stable after conducting the corrosion test: it contained no cracks and CoO–ZnO nanocomposites clearly appeared on the surface. SEM showed that the significant surface cracking disappeared. XRD confirmed that CoO–ZnO nanocomposites comprised CoO and Zn
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(12)
(4)
Miscarriage is one of the fundamental complications occurring in pregnant women. Many fastidious and uncultivated bacterial species are related to miscarriage and have a significant role in the infection. The association between inverse pregnancy outcomes and infections of abnormal bacteria has been rarely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Leptotrichia amnionii and Atopobium vaginae as a risk factor for miscarriage states. A total of 80 cervical swabs and blood samples were obtained from females (34 non-pregnant with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, 11 pregnant who had previous miscarriage, and 35 without miscarriage as control) who were referred to a hospital in Baghdad city. The relationship bet
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