Breast cancer constitutes about one fourth of the registered cancer cases among the Iraqi population (1)
and it is the leading cause of death among Iraqi women (2)
. Each year more women are exposed to the vicious
ramifications of this disease which include death if left unmanaged or the negative sequels that they would
experience, cosmetically and psychologically, after exposure to radical mastectomy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) documented that early detection and screening, when coped
with adequate therapy, could offer a reduction in breast cancer mortality; displaying that the low survival rates
in less developed countries, including Iraq, is mainly attributed to the lack of early detection programs coupled
with inadequate diagnostic and treatment facilities (3)
. Although mammography machines, as main screening
tools for breast cancer, are available in the major hospitals in each province in Iraq, yet those are mainly used
for diagnostic purposes in patients who present with palpable breast lumps. Obviously, due to cost effective
measures, lack of resources and the economical challenges that Iraq is facing, it is not expected that the
authorities could provide mammography devices across every health care centre in the country to be used for
screening of all Iraqi women.
Accordingly, promoting other feasible tools could support in solving that dilemma. Clinical Breast
Examination (CBE) for women, by highly trained health care providers in Primary Health Care Centers, along
with diagnostic mammography in the major hospitals for referred cases, could offer cost effective approaches
for early detection of breast cancer in Iraq. The resources required to provide these services are within the
reach of all countries with limited resources
(4)
.
The issue of raising awareness on breast cancer and its early detection measures needs to be addressed.
Observations reported in Iraqi studies obviously reflect the the limited knowledge of the general population
about the disease, its preventive measures and their ignorance regarding the significance of CBE and early
medical consultation (5, 6)
. Public health awareness campaigns should be endorsed by policy makers to encourage every Iraqi women to look for abnormal signs and symptoms in their breasts and to seek medical
advice promptly.
Imagination as a Path to Reality
Discriminant between groups is one of the common procedures because of its ability to analyze many practical phenomena, and there are several methods can be used for this purpose, such as linear and quadratic discriminant functions. recently, neural networks is used as a tool to distinguish between groups.
In this paper the simulation is used to compare neural networks and classical method for classify observations to group that is belong to, in case of some variables that don’t follow the normal distribution. we use the proportion of number of misclassification observations to the all observations as a criterion of comparison.
This research is about the resources and the way of al-Waqidi in his
researching of al-sira of the Prophet. And what happened in the first of Islam.
This research is about the documents which al-Waqidi had it. Some of it,
which he had visited, was the places, especially the periods which the events had took
place in. He was asking those whom were contemporary to the happenings, from the
sons of al-Sahaba and al-Tabi’een.
Also this research is lightening on the new studies that gave this historian a
good respect during his work, in which he could gave the reality about his authorship.
The research is trying to draw real way of al-Waqidi and what were reported by him,
especially the documents, and what he had s
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is an important public health and a significant economic issue in Iraq, where the lungs and livers are the popular places of infection. The aim of the current study focused on using the molecular techniques in the detection of an E. granulosus strain that causes cystic echinococcosis to human, sheep and cattle in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. In the current study, thirty isolates of E. granulosus were collected from 10 human hydatid cysts through surgery done at Al-Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province and 10 sheep with 10 cattle hydatid cysts were obtained from the slaughterhouse in Thi-
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(10)
(2)
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. There are multiple risk factors for CRC, one of which is aging. However, in recent years, CRC has been reported in children. Objective: To describe the main characteristics and symptoms of CRC as well as highlight pathologic data for early-onset CRC. Methods: 79 CRC patients were recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital in the period February–December 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Results: 25 (31.6%) of patients were below 50 years of age. 52 (65.8%) patients had tumors in the colon. The most common symptom is bleeding per rectum in both age groups. There was no significant difference in patholog
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(4)
(3)
Purpose: This research is to identify the most important challenges for the local investment commissions and to develop solutions and proposals to encourage local and foreign investment in local governments in Iraq (the Iraqi provinces are irregular in the region). Theoretical Framework: This research suggests a conceptual framework for the local investment commissions in order to solve their problems, the most important of which was to identify the most critical challenges which are facing the Baghdad Investment Commission BIC and how to overcome them. Design/The methodology approach: Research involved a mixed-methods approach through two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data from all inves
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Sheet piles are necessary with hydraulic structures as seepage cut-off to reduce the seepage. In this research, the computational work methodology was followed by building a numerical model using Geo-Studio program to check the efficiency of using concrete sheet piles as a cut-off or reducer for seepage with time if the sheet piles facing the drawdown technique. Al-Kifil regulator was chosen as a case study, an accurate model was built with a help of observed reading of the measuring devices, which was satisfactory and helped in checking the sheet piles efficiency. Through the study, three scenarios were adopted (with and without) drawdown technique, it was found that at the short time there's no effect of the drawdown technique on
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(1)
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral
cavity (OSCC) is a highly invasive neoplasm. Many
MMPs play role in human cancer invasion and
metastases.
Aim: Estimating The MMp-7 expression level in
HPV-16 positive and HPV-16 negative OSCC
paraffin embedded sections.
Method: Biopsies from thirty three patients with oral
squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were obtained and
investigated for the presence of HPV-16 RNA with
the application of ISH and the MMP-7 expression
level using IHC .
Results: Expression level of MMP-7 found to be high
in OSCC sections 29 (87.8%) cases with no
significant difference in its expression level between
HPV-16 positive and HPV-16 negative OSCC cases
p= 1.00.
Conc
(60)
(63)
(118)
(111)