English law defines different types of fraud, and we do not find a counterpart in other legislations, relying on its distinction on the criterion of knowledge of the truth of the information presented, that is, determining the type of fraud depends on the extent of the owner of false evidence that it is not correct at the time of its issuance. These false statements are either issued from Accompanying the owner with his full knowledge of its content and in a way that makes it a presumption that proves his bad intention so that fraud is not innocent, or that it is issued by indiscretion and negligence and without a reasonable and logical basis on which it is based, then fraud is negligently, and finally that this data is issued by its own

يعد واجب الرعاية جوهر خطأ الاهمال في ظل النظام القانوني الإنكليزي ومن دونه لا يمكن الحكم بالمسؤولية عن الاهمال بصرف النظر عن حجم الضرر المتحقق، حيث يعمد القانون الإنكليزي الى ايراد تعداد للأخطاء المدنية التي يمكن ان تتقرر بناءً عليها المسؤولية المدنية (التقصيرية)، ويعد الاهمال احد الاخطاء الواردة في هذا القانون. ونظرا لأهمية اثبات وجود واجب الرعاية على عاتق المدعى عليه ليكون بالامكان الحكم بمسؤوليته عن الا

This paper deals with "the prohibition of autonomous weapons in the light of the principles of international humanitarian law", The autonomous  weapon is the newly developed type of weapon, and it is the latest of the genius of the human race in finding another "automatic" race to undertake combat operations on its behalf, However, this matter was not left at all, Rather, each party to the armed conflict must abide by the principles of international humanitarian law to avoid the harmful effects of that weapon, In particular, adherence to the text of Article 36 of the First Additional Protocol of 1977, which obliges the Contracting Parties to conduct a review of their weapons before their launch to find out what is prohibited and per

The concession rights established for the public treasury are returned to the debtor’s funds, whether they are real estate or movables, and they may be returned to a specific amount of these funds, in accordance with the relevant laws. The legislator in the United Arab Emirates, according to the general rules, did not stipulate that this right be registered with the competent real estate registration department. This may lead to the sale of the property securing the concession right of the public treasury without the knowledge of the competent department of the treasury department to claim this right.

In selling by judicial public auction, the legislator requires certain procedures through which the real estate is purged of acc

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of nostalgia marketing on consumers’ purchase intention and demographic factors. Nostalgia marketing is one of the marketing ideas that some organizations use it to attract customers by evoking memories or heritage in their minds. This method would affect the emotions and feelings of people, which may raise their desire to buy. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, and it was distributed to a random sample of 512 individuals. A sample is a group of individuals who have seen small sculptures displayed in shops inside Babylon Mall in Baghdad. The small sculptures show the life of Baghdadis in the fifties and sixties of the last century. Statistical software was used for

عندما تم اختراع السيارة، لم يكن يدر في خلد أفراد المجتمع الأمريكي أن هنالك مطاردات سوف تحصل بين أفراد الشرطة من جهة، وبين المشتبه بهم في محاولة منهم للفرار من الشرطة من جهة اخرى، وذلك عن طريق استخدام السرعة المفرطة والتي قد تكون متهورة في بعض الأحيان. ولكن لسوء الحظ فأن مثل هذه المطاردات التي تتم في الشوارع الرئيسية للمدينة وكذلك الشوارع الفرعية أصبحت أمرا حقيقيا وليس مجرد مادة خيالية يتم افتعالها على شاشات ا

This article considers the doctrine of good faith in English law of contract. It analyses the different decisions of courts and the opinions of scholars and assesses whether good faith is general doctrine in English law of contract or not? It has been found that there is traditional English hostility towards a doctrine of good faith. However, in the last six years, a judicial trend, supported by some English scholars, has begun to argue that the principle of good faith should be adopted in the law of contract. This trend tries to implication contracts the duty of good faith as a implied term.

The recent attempts of the Judge Leggatt and subsequent judicial decisions that have adopted his approach, although not yet reached its goa

The refugees' issue is the essence of the Palestinian cause as a political, legal and humanitarian one that afflicts every Palestinian, and its repercussions are inherited through generations, because of the suffering, displacement, misery and deprivation that the refugees still suffer. The State of Israel pay a lot of effort to prevent the Palestinians from this right, and is responsible for their plight and displacement because of the racist laws imposed and enacted by it, in addition to the bias of the United States of America alongside Israel in light of the weakness of the international community and the politics of the one pole. This requires the search for alternatives and solutions to enable the Palestinian refugees to exercise t

The aim of the study is to diagnose the real level of technology usage in teaching and learning EFL at university from teachers and students’ viewpoints, and see if it is possible to achieve something of the researchers’ dream - accessing top universities. Two questionnaires have been used to measure the range of technology usage in Colleges of Education for Women, Baghdad and Iraqi Universities, and College of Basic Education. The results have shown that the reality of using technology is still away from the dream. The results have been ascribed to two reasons: The first is the little knowledge of using technology in teaching, and the second is that technology is not included in the curriculum.

Language is an important means through which one can construct one's social world. Accordingly, the way we view ourselves and the world is basically formed by language use whereby identities, relations, and values are constructed and maintained. Most discourse analysts consider narrative not only the locus of construction and enactment of identity, but also a distinguished genre for its analysis.The present study is concerned with how identity can poetically be informed, hence exploring the way black poets use language when reflecting their identity and culture. The poem, right on: white america by the black American poetess Sonia Sanchez, is chosen to be analyzed based on Simpson's stylistic model (2004). In this model, the ana