In the past, an absolute authority was held by the father and his decisions were imposed
and obeyed strictly without discussion. Later, many economical changes took place and
affected all of the family members dramatically creating a whole new concept of authority
in the family, a one that is based upon sound leadership, mutual understanding and
consultation among family members.
Women carried responsibility of doing all domestic jobs and served family members,
however, when she went to work outside her house, these loads began disturbing and
exhausting her. Therefore, man started to participate in assisting his wife. In addition,
industrial advances contributed in making these jobs easier than before.
This has

The kinds of financial and administrational corruption have an important
dimensions and affects on human rights because of all events which happened in the world
made tackles concerning with this phenomena.
This article has been researched about an impacts of it to the nature of structural
social system especially its scopes items in institutionally and politically and economically
and culturally to be an obvious in all fields.
This phenomena should be studied carefully in order to put all remedies required
for set up with measures and procedures such as following :
1-the dependency on respecting all laws in the country.
2-the work with principles of accountability transparency in pro-active cooperation level.<

Performance measurement is considered one of the most important issues in

Measuring performance effectiveness in the educational institutions by maintaining balance among quantity measurable factors. They can be financial or non‐financial factors. Consequently they reflect decisive factors in the success of educational institutions and determining suitable standards and dimensions for their activities and giving it proportional importance. Adopting the idea of Balanced Score Card as one of the modern administrative techniques and methods by educational institutions assists in the development of administrative work, adjusting the performance in addition to achieving comprehensive standard and development of educational universit

This search in the virtues of the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, to read on their boards want to recount loving and faithful), as stated in the introduction to the author, Abdullah Bin Ibrahim Al-Mirghani (D. 1207 H.) to give reasons in writing the manuscript, which was of an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion was the first in the door thanks to the great lady and on her birthday and her marriage and her death and subsequent events and the third in her them prayers and then the finale which was in love with the Prophet and calling for God to pardon and forgiveness and a good end. I was interested in this manuscript by Mirghani, Hadith and all accounts in reference to the virtues of the great lady to examine a manuscript

يعد التحليل البلاغي تركيبيا وبيانيا من الآليات الكاشفة عن الدلالات العميقة المتولّدة جراء علاقات البنية السطحية ، مكونة نسقاً دلالياً متماسكاً ومشحوناً بتكثيف معنوي للصور البلاغية المنسوجة في نص القصيدة، والتي تفتح للمتلقي نافذة التشكيل المتخيل لحال الشعب وحاكمه ، والعلاقة القائمة بينهما في القصيدة ، إذ نسج الشاعر علائقية متنامية الدلالة بين أجزاء قصيدته ووحداتها ؛ لتكون كلاً واحداً ناقلاً المتلقي لواق

تعد الجامعات من أهم المؤسسات المجتمعية التي تؤثر وتتأثر بالجو الاجتماعي المحيط بها، فهي من صنع المجتمع من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى هي أداته في صنع قياداته السياسية، الفكرية، الفنية، والمهنية، ومن هنا كان لكل جامعة رسالتها التي تتولى تحقيقها، فالجامعة في القرن العشرين تختلف رسالتها وغايتها عن الجامعة في القرن الحادي والعشرين. ولكي تقوم الجامعة بدور أفضل في خدمة المجتمع وتحمل المسؤولية المجتمعية فلابد لها من وض

دور المواد النانوية في إعادة تصنيف تكاليف المنتج الصناعي الحديث