Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) onboard the Landsat-7 remotely sensor satellite was launched on 15 April 1999. On May 31, 2003, image acquisition via the ETM+ was greatly impacted by the failure of the system’s Scan Line Corrector (SLC). Consequently, the ETM+ has lost approximately 22% of the data due to the increased scan gap. In this work, several gap-filling methods will be proposed to restore the ETM+ image malfunctions. Some of the proposed methods will be carried by estimating the missed pixel’s values from the same image pixel’s neighborhood, while others will utilize the pixel values extracted from different temporal scene acquired in different time. Mean average filter, median filter, midpoint filter, and several int

water quality assessment is still being done at specific locations of major concern. The use of Geographical Information System (GIS) based water quality information system and spatial analysis with Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation enabled the mapping of water quality indicators along Tigris river in Salah Al-Din government, Iraq. Water quality indicators were monitored by taking 13 river samples from different locations along the river during Winter season year 2020. Maps of 10 water quality indicators. This meant that the specific water quality indicator and diffuse pollution characteristics in the basin were better illustrated with the variations displayed along the course of the river than conventional line graphs. Creation of

The rising temperatures are the most significant aspect in the period of climate variability. In this study PRECIS model data and observed data are used for assessing the temperature change scenarios of Sindh province during the first half of the present century. Observed data from various meteorological stations of Sindh are the primary source for temperature change detection. The current scenario (1961–1990) and future one (2010-2050) are acted by the PRECIS Regional Climate Model at a spatial resolution of 25 * 25 km. Regional Climate Model (RCM) can yield reasonably suitable projections to be used in the climate - scenario. The main objective of the study is to prepare maps. The simulated temperature as obtained from climate model-

The aim of this research is to measure the changes of Iraqi Marshland's area as well as the changes in the spectral reflectivity water quality, analyzing seasonal difference in AL-Hawizah marshes, South of Iraq using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. For this paper, the samples were taken at 10 sites along the study area. Satellite images of the 8 Landsat on 20/5/2017, 8/8/2017, 11/10/2017 and 14/12/2017 have been selected in order to study the seasonal changes on the marshes took place during 2017. The reflectance values of red, green, blue and near infrared bands showed that are significantly associated with a seasonal factor. All bands show that reflectivity of the marsh has been affected by locationa

     The main rationale for using charged particles in radiation therapy is the strong rise of energy loss (deposited dose) with maximum penetration depth ( Bragg peak) and rapid dose deposited  behind the peak. Thus, a large dose can be  applied to a deep seated tumor, with saving the surrounding normal tissues . Proton radiotherapy is nowadays an established method in the management of cancer diseases, although its availability is still limited to a few specialized centers. In this study, the range and the stopping power for proton interaction  in the skeleton  and intestine tissues, for an energy range from 0.01 to 300 MeV, was studied. The numerical calculations and analyses of Bethe&nbs

Broyden update is one of the one-rank updates which solves the unconstrained optimization problem but this update does not guarantee the positive definite and the symmetric property of Hessian matrix.

In this paper the guarantee of positive definite and symmetric property for the Hessian matrix will be established by updating the vector  which represents the difference between the next gradient and the current gradient of the objective function assumed to be twice continuous and differentiable .Numerical results are reported to compare the proposed method with the Broyden method under standard problems.

     A fuzzy valued diffusion term, which in a fuzzy stochastic differential equation refers to one-dimensional Brownian motion, is defined by the meaning of the stochastic integral of a fuzzy process. In this paper, the existence and uniqueness theorem of fuzzy stochastic ordinary differential equations, based on the mean square convergence of the mathematical induction approximations to the associated stochastic integral equation, are stated and demonstrated.

In this manuscript, the effect of substituting strontium with barium on the structural properties of Tl_0.8Ni_0.2Sr_2-xBr_xCa₂Cu₃O_9-δcompound with x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, have been studied. Samples were prepared using solid state reaction technique, suitable oxides alternatives of Pb₂O₃, CaO, BaO and CuO with 99.99% purity as raw materials and then mixed. They were prepared in the form of discs with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a thickness of (0.2-0.3) cm under pressures 7 tons / cm², and the samples were sintered at a constant temperature o

The investigation of determining solutions for the Diophantine equation  over the Gaussian integer ring for the specific case of  is discussed. The discussion includes various preliminary results later used to build the resolvent theory of the Diophantine equation studied. Our findings show the existence of infinitely many solutions. Since the analytical method used here is based on simple algebraic properties, it can be easily generalized to study the behavior and the conditions for the existence of solutions to other Diophantine equations, allowing a deeper understanding, even when no general solution is known.

     A reliable differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method has been developed and applied for the determination of ibuprofen IBU in dosage form with dropping mercury electrode (DME) versus Ag/AgCl. The best peak was found at cathodic peak of -1.18 V in phosphate buffer at pH=4 and 0.025M of KNO₃ as supporting electrolyte. In order to obtaine the highest sensitivity, instrumental and experimental parameters were examined including the type and concentration of supporting electrolyte, pH of buffer solution, pulse amplitude and voltage step time. Diffusion current showed a direct linear relationship to ibuprofen concentration in the range of (5 – 30) μg. mL^-1 (2.43× 10^-5