This study was aimed to establish a database of autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (aSTR) DNA allele frequencies for an Iraqi population living in Baghdad city as a reference, therefore, a total of 456 unrelated individuals were analyzed at 15 STR DNA markers (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D19S433, D2S1338, D16S539) included in the Kit from Applied Biosystems. The obtained results revealed that the Combined Matching Probability (CMP) was estimated at 1 in 3.3287 × 10^-18, and the Combined Discrimination Power (CDP) was greater than 0.98600987, which is comparable to values obtained with the many other allele frequency databases used in forensic investigations. It can be con

Background: The gene encoding a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 33 (ADAM33) is known to be associated with asthma in different ethnic groups. In Iraq, among the Arab ethnic background, this association has not yet been highlighted. Methods: One hundred and ninety-two asthmatics were examined; 118 males and 74 females (mean age 38.23 ± 9.13 years). The control group was 183; 110 males and the rest were females. The SNP of rs2280091 A/G (T1) was studied here to determine adam33 genotyping status using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). The level of total IgE was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Significant differences (p = 0.004) in the frequencies of

      Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern around the world. UMOD gene variants are linked to a higher incidence of hypertension and CKD in the general population. This study aimed to investigate the role of uromodulin rs13333226 and rs13333144 genes association with chronic kidney disease.The study samples were divided into two groups. The first group included 100patient samples and 70 chosen among them were under the dialysis and had kidney failure aged between 18-88 years old. The second group included 30 samples from healthy individuals who were used as a control. One of the ways used to identify the genotype is the tetra-primers amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction (ARMS

Clinicians and investigators consider the normal range of bowel habit and frequency as between 3 to 21 motions per week. Stool frequency outside the normal range may be unusual but may not be abnormal in the sense of a disease, and according to the consistency, the normal stool ranges from porridge like to hard and pellety.
Objectives: To establish a basic data about the bowel habits (consistency and frequency) in a sample of healthy Iraqi population; in addition to learn about their definition of constipation and diarrhea.
Methods: Prospective study from Jan 2000- Jun 2000 at Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, Baghdad. Questionnaires were distributed to 950 healthy persons of different age group .The questionnaire included: Detailed hi

Background: Clinicians and investigators consider the normal range of bowel habit and frequency as between 3 to 21 motions per week . Stool frequency out side the normal range may be unusual but may not be abnormal in the sense of a disease . And according to the consistency, the normal stool ranges from porridge like to hard and pellety .Objectives: To establish a basic data about the bowel habits (consistency and frequency) in a sample of healthy Iraqi population; in addition to learn about their definition of constipation and diarrhea.Methods: Prospective study from Jan 2000- Jun 2000 at Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, Baghdad. Questionnaires were distributed to 950 healthy persons of different age group .The questionnaire included: Det

Introduction: Dental fear is defined as the patient’s specific reaction towards stress related to dental treatment in which the stimulus is unkn..

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the esthetic smile in sample of Iraqi adults and to assess the gender differences. Materials and Methods: 100 persons (50malesand 50 females had class I normal dental and skeletal selected for this study.Clinical examination and digital photograph with posed smile were performed for each individual. Six linear soft tissue parameters in each photograph using AutoCAD program 2011. Five visual and four quantitative evaluations of the smile were studied for eachsubject. The smile arch and index, buccal corridor spaces (BCSs) were studied.Descriptive statistics of the measurements were calculated. Independent student’s ttestswere used to evaluate the gender differences. Statistics: Desc

The novel was generally distinguished from other literary arts in its connection with the living reality as an imaginative practice that relies on political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural references and as a crucial tool in reading cultural references and dive deep into reality. As every novelist has a vision to embody this reality. As every novelist has a vision to embody this reality. The novel of ("Exceeded border by Hammed Al-Kafa’i) is a considered a fertile field for presenting social issues in their apparent structure and revealing the cultural patterns behind them which lies in its deep structure. The novel here moves its characters in its imaginary world in a way that it becomes more capable of adaptation and crysta

Background: Geographic variations in the incidence of different congenital coronary anomalies are well known, but infrequently studied in the Iraqi population.
Recognition of coronary anomalies is important in patients undergoing coronary arteriogrphy; coronary interventions and cardiac surgery .Variation in the frequency of primary congenital coronary anomalies may possibly have a genetic background. 
Patients and methods: Three thousands adult patients underwent diagnostic coronary angiography at two cardiac centers in Baghdad between January 2003 to March 2006. Their angiographic films were reviewed by at least two experts in coronary angiographic study.
Results: Among 3000 adult patients wh

Background: Different populations show various human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Data of HLA distribution is important in field of vaccines, therapy, Anthropology and for future studies of disease association with HLA.
Objective: To highlight on frequency of HLA alleles in Iraqi population by using molecular technique.
Patients and methods: Two hundred individuals were genotyped for HLA class I and II alleles by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotides (PCR-SSO).
Results: This study observed that the alleles with highest frequency were: [A*02(27.75%,A*01(10.75%,A*03(8%),B*51(17.75%),B*35(9%),B*07(6%),C*04(26.75%),C*07(20.25%),C6*0(9.75%),DRB1*02(17.5%,DRB1*07(17%),DRB1*04(14.75%)DQB1*01(25.5%),DQB1*03(21.75%),D