New 1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one(3) was synthesized by cyclization of[(4-Methyl phenyl-carbonyl)amino]acetic acid (2). The starting materials were readily obtained by acylation of 2-amino acetic acid (Glycine) with 4-methyl phenyl chloride .Imidazole(4) was synthesized by reaction of compound (3) with hydrazine hydrate (99%). Compound (4) was isolated and characterized by 1HNMR , FTIR , uv-vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis (C.H.N). Compound (4) has been used as a ligand (L) to prepare a number of metal complexes with Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) , Cu(II) and Zn(II).
The prepared complexes were isolated and characterized by FTIR and Uv-vis spectroscopy elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, as well as magnetic

       Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular

     Synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing four five-membered rings together was the main goal of this work. The new derivatives of [tetrakis (1,2,4-triazole /1,3,4-thiadiazole /1,3,4-oxadiazole][bis-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)] dioxymethylene A7-A18 were synthesized by the reaction of [bis-(dimethyl 5-yl-isophthalate)] dioxymethylene compound A1 which was previously prepared from the reaction of 1,2-dibromomethan and dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate, then treated with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding acid hydrazide A2. In the next step, compound A2 was refluxed with 4-substituted isothiocyanate to give substituted thiosemicarbazides A3-A6. The treatment of the latter compounds in basic medium of 2M o

   This research of the thesis includes the preparation and identification of two new tetra dentate Schiff's base ligand .        (H4L1 ) and then binuclear complexes with a group of transition metal ions in addition to cadmium with the general formula. [M2(L1)Cl2(H2O)2] M+2=[Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Cd]    The prepared complexes and ligands were identified by in pared(FT-IR) spectroscopy ,Ultra violet-visible(UV-visible) spectroscopy and H-NMR spectroscopy of the prepared ligand, also microanalysis (C.H.N) of some of the prepared compounds has been carried out and the melting points, the molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility  

Background: Occult Hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among blood donors is an important medical concern.
Objectives: This study was done to detect the presence of occult hepatitis B virus infections among blood donors with negative hepatitis B surface antigen and positive total anti-hepatitis B core antibodies in Hawler Major Blood Bank in Hawler city/Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Methods: A total number of 12,185 blood donors in Hawler Major Blood Bank were screened for HBsAg and total anti-HBcAb using ELISA technique, and then positive results were retested by confirmatory technique by Chemiluminescence assay. All HBsAg-/HBcAb+ were selected as the study group; HBV DNA was tested among HBsAg-/HBcAb+ by conventional PCR and Real time-

. New Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((ІІ), Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Zn(ІІ) and Cd(ІІ) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic m

Background: In young adults, multiple sclerosis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition. It is characterized by white matter affection, but many individuals also have significant gray matter involvement. A double-inversion recovery pulse (DIR) pattern was recently proposed to improve the visibility of multiple sclerosis lesions. Objective: To find out how well a DIR sequence, FLAIR, and T2-weighted pulse sequences can find MS lesions in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions. Methods: A total of 37 patients with established diagnoses of multiple sclerosis were included in this cross-sectional study. Brain MRI was done using double inversion recovery, T2, and FLAIR sequences. The number of lesions was count

Background: The hybrid compounds hold promise for developing novel pharmaceuticals, potentially exhibiting greater activity, mainly against viruses and cancer diseases, than their components.

Objective: In this study, researchers explored the potential synergistic effects of hybrid molecules by designing and synthesizing a series of isatin-gallate hybrids, denoted as N’-(5-substituted-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide (3a–d).

Methods: Isatin-gallate hybrids (3a–d) were synthesized by reacting gallic hydrazide with each of the isatin analogs (2a–d). The structures of all produced comp

The presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs) in the body of human has a great role in the protection of the body against many pathogens. The recognition of the WBC is the first important step to diagnose some particular diseases. The pathologists usually use an optical microscope to recognize WBCs, but, this process is a quite tedious, time-consuming, error prone, very slow, and expensive. In addition, it needs experts with long practice in this field. For these reasons, a computer assisted diagnostic system that helps pathologists in the process of diagnosis can be effective, easy and safe. This research is devoted to develop a system based on digital image processing methods to localize WBCs nuclei. The proposed system involved a collectio

Background: Deficiency in beta cell mass is the hallmark of most forms of diabetes, it is worthwhile understanding pancreatic regeneration in the context of this disease.Of crucial importance in the development of diabetes, both type I and type II, is the insufficient beta cell replication after the onset of disease.This is why we are always in search of new sources of beta cells to be generated by neogenesis to induce beta cells. In this regard, pancreatic stem or progenitor cells may offer a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes.
Methods and Materials: A total of 60 adults swiss albino rats were divided into two groups. Group I, control group (30 animals) were injected with normal saline into the