Establishing complete and reliable coverage for a long time-span is a crucial issue in densely surveillance wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many scheduling algorithms have been proposed to model the problem as a maximum disjoint set covers (DSC) problem. The goal of DSC based algorithms is to schedule sensors into several disjoint subsets. One subset is assigned to be active, whereas, all remaining subsets are set to sleep. An extension to the maximum disjoint set covers problem has also been addressed in literature to allow for more advance sensors to adjust their sensing range. The problem, then, is extended to finding maximum number of overlapped set covers. Unlike all related works which concern with the disc sensing model, the contribution of this paper is to reformulate the maximum overlapped set covers problem to handle the probabilistic sensing model. The problem is addressed as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem and the well-known decomposition based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA/D) is adopted to solve the stated problem. A Multi-layer MOEA/D is suggested, wherein each layer yields a distinct set cover. Performance evaluations in terms of total number of set covers, total residual energy, and coverage reliability are reported through extensive simulations. The main aspect of the results reveals that the network's lifetime (i.e. total number of set covers) can be extended by increasing number of sensors. On the other hand, the coverage reliability can be increased by increasing sensing ranges but at the expense of decreasing the network's lifetime.
This study aimed to clarify the legal provisions concerning the senses and their role in financial transactions, in the light of the definition of all the vocabulary presented by this study (senses - the definition of senses apparent: they are hearing - sight - smell - taste - touch) in the first section. The study deals with the second topic of the reference and writing denominator phrase and includes two requirements, the first requirement: the establishment of the denominator of the phrase, which has two branches: Section I: signal Akhras. Section II: Signal of the Spokesman.
The second requirement is that writing takes the place of the phrase in financial transactions. The owners argue that the sale of the blind is correct a
The flow measurements have increased importance in the last decades due to the shortage of water resources resulting from climate changes that request high control of the available water needed for different uses. The classical technique of open channel flow measurement by the integrating-float method was needed for measuring flow in different locations when there were no available modern devices for different reasons, such as the cost of devices. So, the use of classical techniques was taken place to solve the problem. The present study examines the integrating float method and defines the parameters affecting the acceleration of floating spheres in flowing water that was analyzed using experimental measurements. The me
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Background: Intestinal parasites are endemic in many developing areas (WHO report 1998), and they considered as one of the most common tropical disease in developing countries ranges between 30-60 % .
Patients and Methods: The present study is a survey to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in out and in patients of Al-karama hospital during the period from Jan 1999 to Nov. 2000. Stool samples examination was the test in establishing the results of the present study by direct microscopic examination. Q –square statistic test were used for evaluation the results.
Results: Results of the present study reveled that the most affected group of patients’ with intestinal parasites, those with
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The purpose of this study is to avoid delays and cost changes that occur in emergency reconstruction projects especially in post disaster circumstances. This study is aimed to identify the factors that affect the real construction period and the real cost of a project against the estimated period of construction and the estimated cost of the project. The case study is related to the construction projects in Iraq. Thirty projects in different areas of construction in Iraq were selected as a sample for this study. Project participants from the projects authorities provided data about the projects through a data collection distributed survey made by the authors. Mathematical data analysis was used to construct a model to predict change
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In this paper, the delay integral equations in population growth will be described,discussed , studied and transfered this model to integro-differential equation. At last,we will solve this problem by using variational approach.
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Fundamentals Concept in Metorology an Introductory Survey - ISBNiraq.org
Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of epineurotomy of median nerve with just division of the transverse carpal ligament in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients & Methods: We conducted a prospective, random study to evaluate the effect of epineurotomy on the outcome of operative treatment of established median-nerve compression in the carpal canal. Fifty hands (forty-four patients) were selected randomly into two groups: group I had a release of the transverse carpal ligament alone, and group II had a release and adjuvant epineurotomy of the median nerve. The groups were similar with regard to age group, gender, duration of symptoms, and preoperative physical findings. All patients had electrophysiological e
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