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Genetic Polymorphisms of Interleukin -1 beta Gene in Association with Multiple Sclerosis in Iraqi Patients
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Interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) is considered to be one of the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized with demyelination in central nervous system (CNS). There was believe that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1β gene can alter the structure and function of the IL-1β and consequently may have play role in MS disease. In this this study the IL-1β gene polymorphism (rs16944, rs1143634) and their association with MS in Iraqi patients were investigated. Two SNPs including IL-1β-511 (rs16944) in promoter and IL-1B+3962 (rs1143634) in encoding region, were studied using Polymerase Chain Reaction- Sequence Specific Primer (PCR-SSP) technique. The results revealed that IL-1β-511 SNP has three genotypes (CC,CT, TT) with non- significant difference in the SNP genotype and allele frequencies of MS patients compare with control group, it was also noticed that the risk allele was (C) with relative risk (RR=1.55) and higher frequency (60.77%) than T (39.23%) allele in RRMS patients. On other hand the three genotypes (CC,CT, TT) of IL-1B+3962 SNP it seem to have the same picture, that mean there was no significant difference in their frequencies between RRMS patients and control group , and the highest genotype frequency was for (CC) genotype (68.92%) and the lowest frequency was for( TT) genotype (2.88%) in patients, it was also noticed that the risk allele was (C) with odd ratio (2.44) and that the (T) frequencies were (16.98%vs. 33.33%) while (C) frequencies were (83.02 vs. 66.67%) in patients and control group respectively. Concerning with these findings, one can suggest that interleukin-1β gene polymorphisms may not be relevant to susceptibility to MS in Iraqi patients, this is probably due to many reasons such as ethnic diversity, the relevant of haplotype for this gene with other haplotype of cytokine encoding genes and finally the limitation of sample size which play critical role in SNPs studies.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering | University Of Baghdad
Correction Factor for Methods of Installation of Piles Group in Sandy Iraqi Soils
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Many problems are facing the installation of piles group in laboratory testing and the errors in results of load and settlement are measured experimentally may be happened due to select inadequate method of installation of piles group. There are three main methods of installation in-flight, pre-jacking and hammering methods. In order to find the correction factor between these methods the laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the methods of installation (in-flight, pre-jacking and hammering method), the number of piles and in sandy soil in loose state. The results of experimental work show that the increase in the number of piles value led to increase in load carrying capacity of piled raft

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Appropriateness Of The Iraqi Environment For Establishment Of Hedge Funds In Iraq
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المستخلص

يهدف البحث إلى وضع إطار معرفي ومفاهيمي شامل لموضوع البحث, واغناء القارئ والمستفيد بالمعلومات الوافية عنه وتقليص الفجوات المعرفية للمهتمين به وقياس مدى ما هو متوفر وغير متوفر من المتطلبات الأساسية والضرورية لإنشاء صناديق التحوط في البيئة العراقية, وتمثلت صناديق التحوط بالمتغير الرئيس للبحث اما المتغيرات الفرعية فشملت (المتطلبات المالية, المتطلبات البشرية, البيئة التشريعية, الب

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Current Medical And Applied Science
Evaluation of Postgraduate Clinical Educational Environment in The Context of Iraqi Medical Education.
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Background: A carefully planned clinical medical education is critical for the provision of supportive clinical educational environment. The latter will ensure effective teaching, active learning and good attitudes and performance at the bedside. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical learning environment at AL-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A descripitive cross-sectional study involved resident doctors from Internal Medicine and Surgery departments who had six months or more residency training in the respective departments. Data were collected using the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure. Data where analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 and presented us

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Towards completion of state construction : stations in legitimacy of contemporary Iraqi political system
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The power of the state in Iraq has been influenced by legitimacy, which may have resembled the belt of transmission, affecting the rule of law and social cohesion. The emergence of the political system may have come about as a result of balancing the competing forces within society today as a basis for collective action. The country's march in Iraq was not a result of a series of gradual transitions such as the established ones. For almost a century, there was an extraordinary succession of succession. At each of the three stages of the state there was an internal or external change. They change or disintegrate and others appear. Social and economic conditions may change or the society is exposed to external invasion or our ideas are imp

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 02 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Communicable Diseases
Evaluation of Susceptibility of Candida species to Six Antifungal Drugs in Iraqi Specimens
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Introduction: Candida spp. has become increasingly resistant to antifungal drugs, with elevated MIC levels causing a negative medical impact and increasing the number of patients at risk of candidiasis. According to the CDC, about 7% of Candida blood samples show reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. Monitoring the antifungal resistance profile of Candida spp. is vital, as non-Albicans species may limit treatment options. Objective: Evaluate the antifungal effectiveness against clinical Candida spp. isolates of six antifungals: amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin, and 5-fluorocytosine. Methods: 100 samples were collected from various clinical samples at the National Centre of Teaching Laboratories

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Correction Factor for Methods of Installation of Piles Group in Sandy Iraqi Soils
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Many problems are facing the installation of piles group in laboratory testing and the errors in results of load and settlement are measured experimentally may be happened due to select inadequate method of installation of piles group. There are three main methods of installation in-flight, pre-jacking and hammering methods. In order to find the correction factor between these methods the laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the methods of installation (in-flight, pre-jacking and hammering method), the number of piles and in sandy soil in loose state. The results of experimental work show that the increase in the number of piles value led to increase in load carrying ca

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 16 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Influence of the Iraqi Maqam in the Recitation of Hafiz Khalil Ismail
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The earthly music has a clear influence on the religious music in the musical culture to read and recite the Holy Quran in the city of Baghdad.   This research deals with this subject in an attempt to reveal the influence of the Iraqi maqam in the recitation of Hafiz Khalil Ismail. The methodological framework of the research included the problem of research and its importance as it is useful to the Iraqi schools concerned with the recitation of the Holy Quran in Iraq. The theoretical framework included three sections that serve the literature of its subject: the first is (Iraqi maqam), the second is (the recitation of the Holy Quran) and the third is (the biography of Hafez Khalil Ismail).

The most important procedures

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Productive role in the financial performance of the banking: An Empirical Study in a sample of Iraqi banks
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Abstract :

The research aims to study the basic concepts of banking productivity and discuss different approaches to study what ends to identify the most important possible standards applied to measured within the Iraqi banking environment as well as research into the causes of low and high Iraqi banking productivity and identify possible treatments to curb those reasons as to ensure the rise. And in line with the research problem, which states what is the level of productivity and what are the causes of decline and the rise in private banking research sample individually. And what the Iraqi private banks and what is the relationship between performance and the impact of productivity change in the perform

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 03 2024
Journal Name
Kurdish Studies
The Effect of Enlightened Leadership in Strategic Alignment (Applied Research in a Sample of Private Iraqi Commercial Banks)
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The aim of the research is to diagnose the level of awareness and response of the researched sample to the concept of enlightened leadership and strategic alignment, as well as to measure the strength and weakness of the relationships between the independent variable of enlightened leadership and the dependent variable of strategic alignment with its dimensions. Thus, the research problem was defined by the main question of identifying the role played by enlightened leadership in achieving strategic alignment in a number of private Iraqi commercial banks. In light of this, the hypothetical research model was designed, embodying the relationship between the research variables. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and a ques

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of tax exemption in attracting foreign investment and the possibility of activation in the Iraqi economy
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The tax exemption, whether wholly or partially, and for an unlimited duration of the investment or for a limited period of few years, is one of the encouraging things to the flow of foreign capital. And if necessary, impose tax on the profits of the invested capital, the promotion requires that not be discriminatory taxes or payments in the amount of money with the need to avoid double taxation. The tax exemption is granted by the government and the feature according to the law of a natural person or legal entity seeking from the government purports to achieve a set of political goals, economic and  social development. The reduction of taxes or grants partial exemption is one of the factors that encourage attract of direct foreign i

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