Interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) is considered to be one of the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized with demyelination in central nervous system (CNS). There was believe that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1β gene can alter the structure and function of the IL-1β and consequently may have play role in MS disease. In this this study the IL-1β gene polymorphism (rs16944, rs1143634) and their association with MS in Iraqi patients were investigated. Two SNPs including IL-1β-511 (rs16944) in promoter and IL-1B+3962 (rs1143634) in encoding region, were studied using Polymerase Chain Reaction- Sequence Specific Primer (PCR-SSP) technique. The results revealed that IL-1β-511 SNP has three genotypes (CC,CT, TT) with non- significant difference in the SNP genotype and allele frequencies of MS patients compare with control group, it was also noticed that the risk allele was (C) with relative risk (RR=1.55) and higher frequency (60.77%) than T (39.23%) allele in RRMS patients. On other hand the three genotypes (CC,CT, TT) of IL-1B+3962 SNP it seem to have the same picture, that mean there was no significant difference in their frequencies between RRMS patients and control group , and the highest genotype frequency was for (CC) genotype (68.92%) and the lowest frequency was for( TT) genotype (2.88%) in patients, it was also noticed that the risk allele was (C) with odd ratio (2.44) and that the (T) frequencies were (16.98%vs. 33.33%) while (C) frequencies were (83.02 vs. 66.67%) in patients and control group respectively. Concerning with these findings, one can suggest that interleukin-1β gene polymorphisms may not be relevant to susceptibility to MS in Iraqi patients, this is probably due to many reasons such as ethnic diversity, the relevant of haplotype for this gene with other haplotype of cytokine encoding genes and finally the limitation of sample size which play critical role in SNPs studies.
Often times, especially in practical applications, it is difficult to obtain data that is not tainted by a problem that may be related to the inconsistency of the variance of error or any other problem that impedes the use of the usual methods represented by the method of the ordinary least squares (OLS), To find the capabilities of the features of the multiple linear models, This is why many statisticians resort to the use of estimates by immune methods Especially with the presence of outliers, as well as the problem of error Variance instability, Two methods of horsepower were adopted, they are the robust weighted least square(RWLS)& the two-step robust weighted least square method(TSRWLS), and their performance was verifie
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A total of 47 samples were collected from different clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, sputum, blood, stools) during the period from November 2013 to
January 2014, only 18 isolates (38.29%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae ,11isolates (23.4%) as E. coli , 9 isolates (19.1%) as S. aureus, 3isolates (6.3%) as Psedomonase spp., 2 isolates (4.2 %) as K. terrigena and 4 isolates (8.5%) as K. oxytoca. The results were shown the elevation of K. pneumoniae percentage among the bacterial isolates depending on cultural, microscopically, biochemically characteristics and confirmed by using the API 20E and VITEK 2 system . Also K. pneumoniae isolates were more frequently in sputum samples then burns, stools , urine, wounds ,and blo
Some researchers are interested in using the flexible and applicable properties of quadratic functions as activation functions for FNNs. We study the essential approximation rate of any Lebesgue-integrable monotone function by a neural network of quadratic activation functions. The simultaneous degree of essential approximation is also studied. Both estimates are proved to be within the second order of modulus of smoothness.
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The Electric Discharge (EDM) method is a novel thermoelectric manufacturing technique in which materials are removed by a controlled spark erosion process between two electrodes immersed in a dielectric medium. Because of the difficulties of EDM, determining the optimum cutting parameters to improve cutting performance is extremely tough. As a result, optimizing operating parameters is a critical processing step, particularly for non-traditional machining process like EDM. Adequate selection of processing parameters for the EDM process does not provide ideal conditions, due to the unpredictable processing time required for a given function. Models of Multiple Regression and Genetic Algorithm are considered as effective methods for determ
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This study is a trail to know if the genes controlling some of heavy metals resistance ( lead, zinc, cadmium, cromium) in two types of pathogenic bacteria E. coli as gram negative bacteria and S. aureus as gram positive bacteria, present on the β-lactamase plasmid. Ten isolates of each bacterial types which produced β-lactamase enzyme, were cultivated in the presence of acridine orange. The growing in the presence of acridine orange resulted in loss of the β-lactamase genes in S. aureus and E. coli, and loss of the heavy metals resistance in S. aureus, while the resistance of E. coli against heavy metals still without any change. The results indicate that the genes for heavy
... Show MoreBackground: Obesity is considered an important risk factor for periodontal disease. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species linking both diseases, systemic melatonin supplementation as antioxidant therapy, was addressed as an adjuvant to scaling and root surface debridement (SRP) to enhance the treatment of periodontitis. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of systemic melatonin administration in periodontitis-obese patients as an adjuvant to scaling and root surface debridement (SRP). Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at a dental-specialized center. Eighty subjects were included and allocated into group-I: twenty periodontium-healthy, normal-weight people; group-II: 30 obese patients with stage-III tre
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There is a great risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and vascular thrombosis in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). These patients exhibit numerous abnormalities in coagulation, fibrinolytic, inhibitory protein abnormalities in multiple levels. The study aimed to assess hypercoagulable changes by measuring the levels of antithrombin, plasma fibrinogen and FXII activity in patients with ESRD, and to find their correlation with Hemoglobin (Hb) level, WBC count, reticulocyte percentage and platelet count. This study was conducted at Al-Hayat center, Al Karama Teaching Hospital on 50 ESRD patients aged < 60 years of both genders. In addition, 20 apparently healthy individuals were included as a control group. The mean Hb level, total
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atrogenic atrial septal defect (IASD), post Catheter ablation during electrophysiological study simply can be assess with Echocardiography nowadays ablation consider the main line in the managements of patients with various type of arrhythmia. This study aims to de-termine the outcomes of Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defect (IASD) six months post radiofrequency ablation (RF) procedure of left atrial arrhythmia using non-invasive Transtho-racic Echocardiography (TTE) parameters (LVEF, E/e` and ASD size) with sheath size as predictors of atrial septal defect closure. Patients and methods: A prospective study was con-ducted in Iraqi Centre for Heart Diseases included 47 patients post Electrophysiology procedure and ablation of left atrial SVT were
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Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common protozoan disease in Iraq characterized by localized ulcers, primarily on exposed skin. This study aimed to investigate the hematological parameters of infected patients using a complete blood count (CBC) in the endemic area of Diyala Governorate, northeast of Baghdad. This has been studied in newly diagnosed, untreated individuals and patients receiving sodium antimony gluconate. Methodology: Hematological screening was performed on blood samples from 161 patients with microscopically diagnosed cutaneous leishmaniasis before and after treatment. Anti-Leishmania IgG was also assessed by ELISA in seropositive and seronegative subjects. Results: The newly diagnosed, untreated pati
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