The digital multimedia systems become standard at this time because of their extremely sensory activity effects and also the advanced development in its corresponding technology. Recently, biological techniques applied to several varieties of applications such as authentication protocols, organic chemistry, and cryptography. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a tool to hide the key information in multimedia platforms.
In this paper, an embedding algorithm is introduced; first, the image is divided into equally sized blocks, these blocks checked for a small amount color in all the separated blocks. The selected blocks are used to localize the necessary image information. In the second stage, a comparison is between the initial image pixel and the watermark bit pixel is done to select the key that represents the location of a specific bit location that exist in all channels with its most dominant. If the compared bits are equal then (0) is added in least significant bit of least dominant color channel otherwise (1) is added. In the last stage, a regeneration process for the key is done. DNA based cryptographic algorithm has been suggested to develop secures image encryption techniques. This algorithm gives a good results, the MSE was (0.0007) for one test also the key generation method is successful.
This paper studies the adaptive coded modulation for coded OFDM system using punctured convolutional code, channel estimation, equalization and SNR estimation. The channel estimation based on block type pilot arrangement is performed by sending pilots at every sub carrier and using this estimation for a specific number of following symbols. Signal to noise ratio is estimated at receiver and then transmitted to the transmitter through feedback channel ,the transmitter according to the estimated SNR select appropriate modulation scheme and coding rate which maintain constant bit error rate
lower than the requested BER. Simulation results show that better performance is confirmed for target bit error rate (BER) of (10-3) as compared to c
In this manuscript, the effect of substituting strontium with barium on the structural properties of Tl0.8Ni0.2Sr2-xBrxCa2Cu3O9-δcompound with x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, have been studied. Samples were prepared using solid state reaction technique, suitable oxides alternatives of Pb2O3, CaO, BaO and CuO with 99.99% purity as raw materials and then mixed. They were prepared in the form of discs with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a thickness of (0.2-0.3) cm under pressures 7 tons / cm2, and the samples were sintered at a constant temperature o
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Recently, the environmental isotopes are adopted to figure out the hydrological processes, recharge areas, flow paths, groundwater origin and the interaction between different watery bodies. Currently, five samples of the rainwater have been collected since January to April 2012, as well as December 2011. Those sampling periods have highest amounts of precipitation events. Meantime, 25 samples of groundwater, 5 of the Lesser Zab River and 3 of overland flow have been picked up during the wet period. The dry sampling of groundwater and the Lesser Zab River has been achieved in summer 2011. The Local Meteoric Water Line lies between Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and East Mediterranean Water Line (EMWL). The lowest, highest and
... Show MoreThis study was aimed to establish a database of autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (aSTR) DNA allele frequencies for an Iraqi population living in Baghdad city as a reference, therefore, a total of 456 unrelated individuals were analyzed at 15 STR DNA markers (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D19S433, D2S1338, D16S539) included in the Kit from Applied Biosystems. The obtained results revealed that the Combined Matching Probability (CMP) was estimated at 1 in 3.3287 × 10-18, and the Combined Discrimination Power (CDP) was greater than 0.98600987, which is comparable to values obtained with the many other allele frequency databases used in forensic investigations. It can be con
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Plane cubics curves may be classified up to isomorphism or projective equivalence. In this paper, the inequivalent elliptic cubic curves which are non-singular plane cubic curves have been classified projectively over the finite field of order nineteen, and determined if they are complete or incomplete as arcs of degree three. Also, the maximum size of a complete elliptic curve that can be constructed from each incomplete elliptic curve are given.
Abstract:
This research aimed to shed light on the juristic rulings concerning those in debts. It adopted the inductive approach, the analytical approach and the comparative approach. It tackled the following issues: definition of Zakat, the channels of paying Zakat, definition of those in debts, types of those in debts, those in debts who are not entitled to take Zakat, their cases, spending money by those in debts if taken by those in debts and the poor, and when those in debts become rich before paying their debts, and the ruling on paying the debt of the dead indebted from the Zakat money.
The most important results of the research are as follows:
Muslim jurists
... Show MoreIn this research the performance of 5G mobile system is evaluated through the Ergodic capacity metric. Today, in any wireless communication system, many parameters have a significant role on system performance. Three main parameters are of concern here; the source power, number of antennas, and transmitter-receiver distance. User equipment’s (UEs) with equal and non-equal powers are used to evaluate the system performance in addition to using different antenna techniques to demonstrate the differences between SISO, MIMO, and massive MIMO. Using two mobile stations (MS) with different distances from the base station (BS), resulted in showing how using massive MIMO system will improve the performance than the standar
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In this paper, our aim is to solve analytically a nonlinear social epidemic model as an initial value problem (IVP) of ordinary differential equations. The mathematical social epidemic model under study is applied to alcohol consumption model in Spain. The economic cost of alcohol consumption in Spain is affected by the amount of alcohol consumed. This paper refers to the study of alcohol consumption using some analytical methods. Adomian decomposition and variation iteration methods for solving alcohol consumption model have used. Finally, a compression between the analytic solutions of the two used methods and the previous actual values from 1997 to 2007 years is obtained using the absolute and
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Diverting river flow during construction of a main dam involves the construction of cofferdams, and tunnels, channels or other temporary passages. Diversion channels are commonly used in wide valleys where the high flow makes tunnels or culverts uneconomic. The diversion works must form part of the overall project design since it will have a major impact on its cost, as well as on the design, construction program and overall cost of the permanent works. Construction costs contain of excavation, lining of the channel, and construction of upstream and downstream cofferdams. The optimization model was applied to obtain optimalchannel cross section, height of upstream cofferdam, and height of downstream cofferdamwith minimum construction cost
... Show MorePseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen. Quorum sensing (QS) is one of processes that are responsible for biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa can live in different environments, some of which are pathogenic (clinical isolates) and some that are found outside the body (environmental isolates). The present study aimed to determine the presence of a number of genes responsible for QS in clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa. In the present study full DNA was separated from all environmental and clinical isolates that contained seven genes (rhlA, rhlR, rhlI, lasR, lasI, lasB, phzA1) associated with QS occurrence. The tot
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