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Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) Activity Against the Viability of Leishmania tropica Promastigotes and Amastigotes In Vitro

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted by the bite of sandfly (Subfamily Phlebotominae). Limited drugs are available for the treatment of leishmaniasis, and the general drug (pentostam) have many side effect on patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for another drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
This study aimed to develop new type of antileishmanial agents instead of classical drug (pentostam) and investigated the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on Leishmania tropica parasites in both phases promastigote and amastigote in comparision to pentostam in in vitro condition.
This study showed the effects of Ag NPs in comparision to pentostam with different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 μg/ ml) on L.tropica promastigotes viability. The viability of promastigotes after 72 hr. recorded maximum cytotoxic effect of Ag NPs in highest concentration (2.1 μg/ml), it was 23.17 ± 0.45 % comparing with pentostam which was 69.33 ± 0.33 %, as well as IC50 was calculated for MTT assay and the result for Ag NPs was 1. 749 μg/ml after 72 hr., while pentostam drug did not show IC50 in all treatments.
On the other hand, the study also showed the effects of Ag NPs on L.tropica amastigote phase, and the viability was (3.10 ± 0.59 and 47.34 ± 0.87) % after 72 hr. in the highest concentration 2.1 μg/ml for Ag NPs and pentostam respectively, and IC50 was 1.148 μg/ ml for Ag NPs after 72 hr., but all results of pentostam stayed over than 50%.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 10 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Time of Transmission of the loss in international sales Study accordance of Iraqi law& un convention on contracts for the international sale of goods (Vienna 1980)

This study deals with the topic time of transmission of loose international sales، which is defined by the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods as "passing of risk"

As a basis for "the transfer of liability from the seller's custody to the buyer's guarantee. This expression was adopted by the legislator from the Islamic jurisprudence, which is in an acceptance interview in the real estate legislation. The arrest does not require that the actual possession of the goods has actually been done by the buyer. On the face of the buyer can be caught without a hail, and the Iraqi Trade Law No. 30 Of 1984, the provisions of the Transfer of Liability in International Sale were codified، and its provisions were quoted from

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 19 2016
Journal Name
Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Erotic and its epistemic connotations in the Iraqi theatrical text: علي كريم حسون الركابي

  eroticism formed a basic focus in contemporary studies and caused a problematic clash in terms of terminology, as some interpreted it by pornography and another interpreted it as aesthetic, so this research came to seek to decipher this terminological clash, and to be known as erotech in terms of cognitive significance, Accordingly, the research culminated in four chapters. The first chapter (Methodological Framework) talks about the research problem that came according to the following question: “How is the erotic act built in the theatrical text and what are the epistemic connotations that express its subjectivity? Then followed by the importance of research and the need for it, then the objective of the research, and the boun

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 02 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Mathematical Modeling for the Clarifier Units and Turbidity Parameters in AL-KARAMA Treatment Plant

The high cost of chemical analysis of water has necessitated various researches into finding alternative method of determining portable water quality. This paper is aimed at modelling the turbidity value as a water quality parameter. Mathematical models for turbidity removal were developed based on the relationships between water turbidity and other water criteria. Results showed that the turbidity of water is the cumulative effect of the individual parameters/factors affecting the system. A model equation for the evaluation and prediction of a clarifier’s performance was developed:

Model: T = T0(-1.36729 + 0.037101∙10λpH + 0.048928t + 0.00741387∙alk)

The developed model will aid the predictiv

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
The new industrial cities and resources sustainability - case study: industrial zone in Ramady city
Abstract<p>The modern industrial projects and complexes that adopt ecological systems, and renewable, clean and environmentally friendly energy, not only contribute to the development of an environmentally friendly production method but can achieve long-term economic and industrial development by preserving environmental resources. The ecological industrial systems and modern industrial technologies are the ideal solutions to rationalize excessive use and preserve the elements of the environment and natural resources, the most important of which is the existence of several methods and programs for the development of industrial sites, and there is important to adopt mechanisms and programs to sol</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 12 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Presence and Absence in the Iraqi Theatre Performance: Summer's Rain Play as an Example

The presence and absence binary is an essential part of and a motivation for the direction vision which depends on the principle that the components of the theatre performance move in contrast with each other; one is directly informative which is the presence relations and the other is structural that is identical to the absence relations. The first is material band visual that evokes the incorporeal mental absent. Hence, the present study(Presence and Absence in the Iraqi Theatre Performance :Summer's Rain Play as an Example) aims at explaining those relations and their transformations between presence and absence in the performance

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The actor's Body Language and its significance in Iraqi Theatre Show: نوار علي محمد

  The theatrical show has gone through a lot of changes where the actor was the most significant factor in all the theatrical shows since the very beginning of the art of acting by the Greeks until the present day. The actor went through many stages that employed his tools in different ways. The body in the theatre had a great importance because it is the perceived physical element that creates the communication between the actor and the audience in the theatrical show. The actor's body had a special language that carries different meanings and creates the communication between the actor and the audience in the theatrical show. The audience can decipher the codes of that body, thus, the researcher found the compatibility and differe

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A Dystopian Future: Social Oppression and Religious Extremism in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale

Many literary research papers have dealt with the work of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) as a feminist work. However, nearly few studies combine social oppression with religious extremism. To bridge this gap, the present study aims at exploring the use of totalitarian theocracy of terror to oppress its citizens in the name of religion. In other words, it explicates the way religion is used to brutally suppress and exploit people in general and vulnerable women in particular. To meet this objective, the study adopted the qualitative descriptive method to describe how religion is used as a contradictory controlling means in Gilead discourse. It also adopted the Foucault theory in analyzing the data of the study, illu

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Forecasting The Wet and Dry Rainy Seasons in Mosul Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Iraq suffers the continuing lack of water resources in generdwether it is surface or underearth water or rain. The study of rain has got the utmost importance in order to the rain direction in Iraq and in Mosul in particular and what it will be in future. It also shows the wet as well as the dry seasons and the possibility of expecting them and expecting their quantities in order to invest them and to keep this vital resource The research deals with predict the wet and dry rainy seasons in Mosul using (SPI) Standardized precipitation index extracted from conversion of Gamma distribution to standardized normal distribution , depending on data of monthly rain amounts for 1940-2013 . Results showed existence of 31 w

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
meta and its dimensions in the designed bio-formation - virtual reality environment - a model

This study revolves around the rapid changes of science and a comparison of the formal and practical aspects and the reason behind summoning the changes and their types, which are subject to the influence of the recipient. This transformation represents formal and intellectual production cycles and formal functional generation that is subject to the goals of the system of multiple differences at the level of time and place. It meets the needs and the request for change, but access to it comes through multiple systems and portals that are different from the normal and the usual, so this study was called (meta and its dimensions in the designed biological formation (virtual reality environment - a model). The research seeks to find solutio

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