The Vienna Convention 1980 developed the concept of a defect that necessitates the warranty in a way that is compatible with the requirements of international trade, as it attached it to the obligation of conformity. The agreement also developed the penalties resulting from the existence of the defect, as it imposed on the seller that he is obligated to ensure that his goods conform to the provisions of the contract, as well as that they must be usable. For the purposes for which the goods are used, if the goods are not in conformity, then the seller is in breach of his obligation to conform, as he has delivered defective goods.

There are two ways that the contract might be formed with (contracting between persons who are attended and contracting between absence persons).the need for determining the precise moment of the contract , is so clear because there is a specify period separate between the declaration of acceptance and the knowledge with it .and it is clear from the four theories known for jurisprudence (theory of the declaration of the acceptance, theory of exporting the acceptance , theory of the arrival of the acceptance , theory of the knowledge with the acceptance ) . It is difficult to promote one theory on another one if we look at each one and the justification of its supporters and what the opponents of each theory expose. Legal background and diff

The object of conformity of the goods to the contract has always played a central role in both national and international sales transactions as it goes to very essence of the contractual relationship. The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality, and description required by the contract. Only once the goods have been delivered, the buyer has a duty to inspect the goods and eventually notify the seller whenever the product received breaches the conformity requirements set by Article /35 of CISG 1980. But the buyer losses the right to rely on the lack of conformity of the goods if he does not give notice to the seller specifying the nature of the lack of conformity within a reasonable time after he has discovered it or

The title of this research is "The Special Conditions for the Crime of Extradition in Accordance With International Law Provisions and Iraqi Law." The examination of the conditions of extradition is of paramount importance because it establishes the general provisions on the basis of which extradition is made, if such conditions are met at the time of the issuing of the extradition decision. Crimes vary according to their types, gravity and description. For this reason, the conditions for determining the crimes in which extradition is permissible have been established. These conditions are that the crime committed is of a certain gravity. The second condition is dual criminality in the requesting State and the States to be extradited; th

The termination of the international sales contract is one of the solutions that the parties and the law resort to resolve some fundamental violations that occur in the contract for any reason, but determining the fundamental reason that leads to the termination of the contract is the most extreme type of treatment of the fundamental violation that has been interpreted differently by international experts, whether courts international bodies or international arbitration committees. And in relation to the difficulty of determining the fundamental violation that leads to the termination of the contract and the exceptions contained in cases that are considered a fundamental violation and that are not considered a fundamental violation, the

         The goods sold during the transport phase may be exposed to the risk of the buyer's state, whether those risks are land, sea or air, resulting in the loss of the goods in whole or in part, or damage, as if they were destroyed by the ship sinking or colliding with another or the cause of the loss or damage is due to a fire, as in the case of a spark on the goods, and the goods is a combustible material. The risk should be borne by one of the parties. To identify the responsible party for the risks, it should determine a particular moment for transferring risks. There has been a difference in legislation, whether at the national or international level, on determining the basis for risk

This research id entitled "The Prohibition of Perfidy in International Humanitarian Law".  International humanitarian law includes some international agreements that aim to regulate hostilities, and the use of tools and means of warfare (The Hague Law), Where there are many international rules that govern the conduct and management of hostilities, there are some provisions that limit the use of certain means and methods during armed conflict, Whether by prohibiting the use of specific methods of fighting, or prohibiting or restricting the use of certain types of weapons, The dedication of these rules to the law of armed conflict comes in implementation of the principle of the law of war, which restricts the authorit

The International Court of Justice, as the main judicial organ of the United Nations in its ruling on the Barcelona Traction case, raised the concept of obligations Erga Omnes in international law, but this Latin term Erga Omnes has been used with different meanings and connotations. Through the extrapolation of the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, we note that it used the term In the context of its traditional meaning of expressing issues related to protest and legal interest at times, and the issue of international law enforcement at other times, it also used the same term to justify the application of the effects of some international treaties on states that are not party to it, or the application

The destruction and protection of cultural property has been a feature of armed conflicts for thousands of years and it has received increasing international focus over the past two decades. This feature was clearly appeared during the recent armed conflict in Iraq. During the conflict, cultural property was subjected to intentional and organised destruction by members of ISIS. Although there are international legal norms to protect cultural property during armed conflict, however, this destruction has proven the failure of those rules to effectively deter these criminal acts. This Article analyses the framework of international law relevant to the protection of cultural property during of armed conflict in the light of that destruction,

الأحكام القانونية للجرف القاري في القانون الدولي